核集体运动的耗散过程和内禀自由度趋向平衡过程的理论描述

对一个具有集体运动和内禀激发相互耦合的系统, 采用模型哈密顿量并同时考虑单体和两体相互作用, 讨论了集体运动和单粒子自由度的耦合. 得到的耦合方程组可描述集体运动的耗散动力学过程和内禀自由度趋向平衡的过程.     

奇异核性质的研究

介绍了用放射性核束研究奇异核性质的物理问题, 分析了理论研究的主要方法、模型和现状, 并就对关联、连续态与束缚态的耦合、壳效应和自旋 轨道相互作用、质子晕等问题作了进一步的讨论．We briefly present the physical aspects in the study of exotic nuclei with radioaction nuclear beams and introuduce the main theoretical methods,models and present status. A few theoretical problems,such as....     

在相对论平均场框架下Pr同位素链的基态性质

在相对论平均场框架下研究了Pr同位素链的基态性质.对关联的处理采用了BCS方法,并使用了与同位旋有关的对力常数,对不成对的核子采用了‘阻塞法’,并考虑了核的轴对称形变.计算结果表明,包含非线性介子自相互作用的相对论平均场理论可以在很大的同位旋范围内很好地描述Pr同位素链的结合能、形变、中(质)子密度分布、同位素位移等.理论计算的结果与有限力程小液滴模型的结果符合得很好.特别检验了描述对关联的BCS近似在Pr链的适用范围和适用的程度.     

Deformed Potential Energy of ^263Db in a Generalized Liquid Drop Model

The macroscopic deformed potential energy for super-heavy nuclei ^263 Db, which governs the entrance and alphadecay channels, is determined within a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM). A quasi-molecular shape is as-sumed in the GLDM, which includes volume-, surface-, and Coulomb-energies, proximity effects, mass asymmetry,and an accurate nuclear radius. The microscopic single particle energies are derived from a shell model in anaxially deformed Woods-Saxon potential with a quasi-molecular shape. The shell correction is calculated by theStrutinsky method. The total deformed potential energy of a nucleus can be calculated by the macro-microscopicmethod as the summation of the liquid-drop energy and the Strutinsky shell correction. The theory is appliedto predict the deformed potential energy of the experiment ^22Ne ^241Am→^263Db^*→^259Db 4n, which wasperformed on the Heavy Ion Accelerator in Lanzhou. It is found that the neck in the quasi-molecular shape isresponsible for the deep valley of the fusion barrier due to the shell corrections. In the cold fusion path, thedouble-hump fusion barrier is predicted by the shell correction and complete fusion events may occur.     

亲和力对熔合反应位垒的影响

熔合反应的宏观形变位能由推广的液滴模型来确定,它包括体积能、表面能、库容能、亲和力效应、质量的不对称性和精确的核半径.在过去裂变研究中,人们假定表面能和库仑能控制着位垒的高度和宽度.表面能也只考虑表面张量力效应,并不包括颈部或刚形成的碎片的表面之间吸引核力的贡献.在推广的液滴模型中,亲和力考虑了这些附加的表面效应.在两个核的接触点,亲和能达到最大值,它的两边逐渐减少直到零.亲和能减少位垒的高度并移动位垒峰的位置,它对应于吸引的亲和力和排斥的库仑力之间平衡的两个分开碎片的位置.研究表明:对于超重核熔合过程,亲和能使得宏观形变位能有一个宽的坑(pocket),它对应于核的大形变.对于轻的核–核系统,这种现象不出现.     

核势和核子有效质量的同位旋相关性

在Dirac Brueckner Hartree-Fock (DBHF)理论框架下研究了核子光学势和核子有效质量的同位旋相关性. 非对称核物质的计算采用了DBHF的核子自能的Dirac结构的新的分解方法, 核子自能的实部是用G矩阵在Hartree-Fock近似下计算得到, 而虚部从极化图得到. 用核子的薛定谔等价势可以得到核子矢量有效质量. 研究表明考虑了核势的能量相关性在丰中子核物质情况下核子矢量有效质量比质子的大.     

低能2H(d,γ)4He辐射俘获反应的理论研究

在唯象模型的基础上, 考虑到碰撞氘核的D态分量对跃迁矩阵元的贡献和⁴He基态D态成分, 从理论上计算了低能²H(d,γ)⁴He反应的天体物理学S因子. 理论计算的S因子在E<3MeV范围内与实验数据符合的很好, 并预言了⁴He基态D态混合的几率为7.4%.     

Alpha Decay Half-Lives of New Superheavy Elements through Quasimolecular Shapes

The lifetimes of a decays of the recently produced isotopes of the elements 112, 114, 116 and the element ^294118 and of some decay products have been calculated theoretically within the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. The a decay barriers have been determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck, the mass and charge asymmetry and the precise nuclear radius. These calculations provide reasonable estimates for the observed a decay lifetimes. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the density-dependent M3Y effective interaction and the experimental data. It is indicated that the theoretical foundation of the generalized liquid drop model is as good as that of the microscopic DDM3Y model, at least in the sense of predicting the T1/2 values as long as one uses a correct a decay energy. The half lives of these new nuclei are well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, the microscopic and the experimental data.     

低能d(d,γ)α反应s因子的理论研究

在唯象模型的基础上, 考虑到碰撞氘核的D态分量对跃迁矩阵元的贡献和⁴He基态D态成分,我们从理论上计算了低能d(d,γ)α反应的天体物理学S因子.由理论计算再现d-d系统的结合能和以及由共振群方法计算的d-d弹性散射相移,得到Woods-Saxon势参数. 并由此计算的S因子与实验数据在E_c.m.<3MeV范围符合得较好, 尤其在天体物理学感兴趣的几百keV以下能区, 理论计算结果很好地符合实验数据. 由理论计算结果外推,计算了目前还没有实验数据的使恒星核合成反应过程能够进行的恒星能区(约1—20keV)的S因子.     

Boundary Conditions of Wigner-Seitz Cell in Inner Crust of Neutron Stars with Relativistic Mean Field Approach

The microscopic structure of the Wigner-Seitz （W-S） cell in the inner crust of neutron stars is investigated with the relativistic mean field （RMF） approach. The W-S cell is composed of a cluster of neutrons and protons localized in a region around the centre and surrounded by a neutron gas of approximately uniform density. In order to generate the density of the W-S cell, appropriate boundary conditions in the calculation of the single-particle wavefunctions are necessary. We emphasize on the choice of the boundary conditions in the RMF approach. Three kinds of boundary conditions are suggested. The properties of the W-S cell with the three kinds of boundary conditions are investigated. The neutron density distributions in the RMF and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov （HFB） models are compared. It is found that the neutron gas densities of the W-S cell in the RMF model is higher than those obtained in the HFB model.