A simple analytical model of laser direct-drive thin shell target implosion

A high-neutron yield platform imploded by a thin shell target is generally built to probe nuclear science problems, and it has the advantages of high neutron yield, ultrashort fusion time, micro fusion zone, isotropic and monoenergetic neutron. Some analytical models have been proposed to interpret exploding-pusher target implosion driven by a long wavelength laser, whereas they are imperfect for a 0.35 μm laser implosion experiment. When using the 0.35 μm laser, the shell is ablated and accelerated to high implosion velocity governed by Newton's law, ablation acceleration and quasi-adiabatic compression models are suitable to explain the implosion of a laser direct-drive thin shell target. The new analytical model scales bang time, ion temperature and neutron yield for large variations in laser power, target radius, shell thickness, and fuel pressure. The predicted results of the analytical model are in agreement with experimental data on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, 100 kJ laser facility, Omega, and NIF, it demonstrates that the analytical model benefits the understanding of experiment performance and optimizing the target design of high neutron yield implosion.     

First neutron spectrometry measurement at the HL-2A Tokamak

A compact neutron spectrometer based on the liquid scintillator is presented for neutron energy spectrum measurements at the HL-2A Tokamak. The spectrometer was well characterized and a fast digital pulse shape discrimination software was developed using the charge comparison method. A digitizer data acquisition system with a maximum frequency of 1 MHz can work under an environment with a high count rate at HL-2A Tokamak. Specific radiation and magnetic shielding for the spectrometer were designed for the neutron spectrum measurement at the HL-2A Tokamak. For pulse height spectrum analysis, dedicated numerical simulation utilizing NUBEAM combined with GENESIS was performed to obtain the neutron energy spectrum. Subsequently, the transportation process from the plasma to the detector was evaluated with Monte Carlo calculations. The distorted neutron energy spectrum was folded with the response matrix of the liquid scintillation spectrometer, and good consistency was found between the simulated and measured pulse height spectra. This neutron spectrometer based on a digital acquisition system could be well adopted for the investigation of the auxiliary heating behavior and the fast-ion related phenomenon on different tokamak devices.     

功率型GaN基发光二极管芯片表面温度及亮度分布的物理特性研究

基于电流连续方程、欧姆定律及定性三维热流传导模型研究发光二极管(LED)芯片 的电流密度分布、热量、温度之间的相互交叉关系,进而测试分析GaN基蓝光 LED电流扩展效应和亮度分布的关系,认为芯片亮度变化趋势可作为判别电流扩 展性能的有效手段. 由于芯片表面温度、亮度分布和电流密度之间存在紧密的联结 关系,通过测试芯片表面温度或亮度分布就可定性了解器件电流扩展性能, 从而为优化电极结构提供一种判定依据. 在不同电流和热沉温度下,进一步 讨论了电流密度非均匀性和亮度分布的关系, 电流密度拥挤将导致芯片局 部区域热量堆积,非辐射复合作用增强,限制出射光子数目, 因此热 量是影响亮度分布的重要因素之一. 通过载流子传输机理进一步说明 温度影响亮度均匀性的原因,并通过实验说明理论分析的可行性. 通过优化电极结构能改善器件的电流扩展效应以及亮度均匀性, 对提高大功率LED的可靠性具有重要作用.     

中性色温下两基色、三基色荧光粉转换白光LED的光谱优化

针对中性色温4 870 K,考虑斯托克斯损失,研究了两基色、三基色的白光LED的光谱优化。结果表明:InGaN/GaN基蓝光LED激发YAG荧光粉合成的白光光视效能可高达483.5 lm/W,但显色性较差,计算的斯托克斯效率为83.9%。加入窄带红色荧光粉或红光LED,优化后的光视效能降低为343 lm/W,但显色指数升至94.7,同时计算得到该LED的斯托克斯效率为84.4%。对该优化的三基色LED光谱进行可调色温白光的特性分析,发现较高色温 (＞4 000 K)对应的显色指数普遍高于低色温(＜4 000 K)的显色指数。     

Observation of intermolecular double-quantum coherence signal dips in nuclear magnetic resonance

The correlated spectroscopy revamped by asymmetric Z-gradient echo detection (CRAZED) sequence is modified to investigate intermolecular double-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance signal dips in highly polarized spin systems. It is found that the occurrence of intermolecular double-quantum coherence signal dips is related to sample geometry, field inhomogeneity and dipolar correlation distance. If the field inhomogeneity is refocused, the signal dip occurs at a fixed position whenever the dipolar correlation distance approaches the sample dimension. However, the position is shifted when the field inhomogeneity exists. Experiments and simulations are performed to validate our theoretic analysis. These signal features may offer a unique way to investigate porous structures and may find applications in biomedicine and material science.     

基于FPGA小型化谱仪控制台的设计

针对核磁共振波谱仪中控制台的功能需求,考虑到仪器小型化的趋势,提出了基于FPGA和ARM的小型化控制台设计方案. 该方案具有体积小、处理速度快、控制精准、开发周期短和成本低等特点. 该文着重介绍了FPGA在系统中的功能实现,包括命令字接收、参数配置、脉冲发射和数据采样模块. ARM嵌入式模块实现控制台与上位机的以太网通信,以及和FPGA的高速并行总线通信,使控制台内部运行不受网络状况的干扰. 最后针对该设计方案提出几点改进建议.     

大功率AlGaInP红光LED散热基板热分析

采用有限体积数值模拟、瞬态热阻测试方法以及热沉温度一峰值波长变化的关系,对三种散热基板上大功率AIGaInP红光发光二极管(LED)进行热特性分析.三种LED采用相同型号、规格,散热基板,区别在于散热通道以及材料.测量样品的瞬态温度响应曲线,基于结构函数理论模型对温度响应曲线进行数学处理,得出包含热阻与热容的结构函数,区分出样品内部热流通道上各个区域的热阻与热容,进而发现散热瓶颈区域.测试样品在不同热沉温度下的电致发光光谱,通过热沉温度一峰值波长系数为区别样品散热性能提供定性判断依据.通过模拟与测试结果比较,为优化陶瓷基板内部散热结构,设计最佳的散热模型提供重要参考依据.     

Study on contrast test of PPC pre-oxidation and coagulation for algae removal and deodorization

The effect of treating algae-bearing water and induced odor by use of permanganate potassium composite （PPC） pre-oxidation was investigated, and was compared with the effect of treatments by pre-chlorination, permanganate petassium pre-oxidation and simple coagulation. The results showed that simple coagulation and pre-chlorination were less effective in removing algae and its odor, whereas PPC pre-oxidation was the most effective in algae removal and deodorization. Upon oxidation with PPC, the cells of Oscillatoria agardhic were inactivated and some intra-cellular and extra-cellular components were released into the water, which may help the coagulation by their bridging effect. The efficient removal of algae by PPC pre-oxidation is believed to be the joint contribution of several mechanisms.     

基于模糊理论的高拱坝体型多目标优化设计

综合考虑静力荷载作用下双曲拱坝的经济性与安全性,采用坝体体积作为经济目标函数,坝体最大主拉应力作为拱坝局部区域的安全目标函数,整体应变能作为拱坝整体安全目标函数,建立高拱坝体型的三目标优化设计模型.根据模糊数学理论,计算海明距离、贴近度和关联度,对这些指标进行加权建立模糊评价函数.以某拟建拱坝为例进行了优化设计,结果表明,模糊优化体型在多个目标函数上改善效果较明显:体积方量减少了25.03万m3,占总体积量的3.63%;最大主拉应力小了0.70MPa,降低6.05%;应变能下降了0.082GJ,下降2.20%.     

分子内和分子间双量子相干信号随预备期的变化规律

设计简化的三脉冲序列,研究高极化液体核磁共振中同核自旋体系中的分子内与分子间双量子相干信号随预备期的变化规律,有助于更深入地理解分子内与分子间双量子相干的性质与机理,为分离检测二者提供理论和实验依据.首先对普适的同核二自旋IpSq (p,q = 1,2,3,…)体系进行理论推导,得到分子内与分子间多量子相干信号与预备期的关系表达式,并利用6种不同的自旋体系进行实验验证,实验结果与理论推导结果相当吻合.这种方法还可以扩展到异核自旋体系中,对分子结构的研究具有重要的意义.