碳酸盐岩孔洞模型中超声波传播特性

 以孔洞型碳酸盐岩的小岩柱为对象,采用二维超声波数值模拟与物理模型实验相结合的方法,从运动学及动力学角度,研究了多频率下超声波在不同尺寸、形状及分布的孔洞模型中的传播特性。结果表明,不连续分布的单孔洞,其尺寸变化对声波速度几乎无影响但与衰减系数呈正相关,在相同尺寸下随测试频率的增加声波速度有增加的趋势,衰减系数与频率间呈幂函数递增关系;圆形孔洞、方形孔洞对声波速度影响与孔隙度有关,孔隙度9%为临界值,低于9%时影响不敏感（可忽略）,高于9%时圆形孔洞对衰减系数的影响大于正方形孔洞的影响;椭圆形孔洞的影响与其纵横比有关,纵横比大于1时,随纵横比增加衰减系数的变化幅度较小,反之则衰减系数的变化幅度较大;随孔洞分布集中度的增加,声波速度呈线性规律减小,衰减系数呈线性规律增加。     

土剪破坏次声监测试验研究

土质滑坡临滑会产生次声波,次声监测可以作为判断土质滑坡临滑的一种技术手段.在考虑到滑坡的力学方式是以剪切破坏为主的前提下,为了探明土质滑坡过程中的次声信号响应特征,设计了土体直剪实验次声-力-位移联合监测系统,开展了土体剪破坏次声监测试验,在次声事件自动拾取的基础上,结合黏性土渐进性破坏理论,分析了剪切过程中的微观声学机理,结果表明:(1)黏性土剪切破坏时发出的次声信号主要来源于弹性阶段中黏土颗粒的相互挤压、弹塑性阶段中以黏土胶体团粒本身的拉张破裂和应变软化阶段中土颗粒间的摩擦;(2)在土体剪切载荷的不同阶段,次声信号的幅值大小呈现出应变软化阶段弹性阶段弹塑性阶段的规律;(3)剪切力与次声信号之间存在较强的相关性,次声事件的峰值包络线与剪切力趋势线相当吻合,并且次声信号的均方功率峰值都在推力峰值之前,平均提前为22.95 s.研究对进一步利用次声开展土质滑坡的监测和稳定性评价具有重要的理论参考价值.     

页岩地层水基钻井液研究进展

开发能满足页岩长水平段钻井井壁稳定要求的钻井液是页岩地层安全钻井的一项关键技术。目前广泛采用的油基体系具有高成本、高污染的缺点。归纳了具有仿油基性能以及防塌防水化的各种新型水基钻井液,包括成膜钻井液(MEG钻井液、甲酸盐钻井液、聚合醇钻井液和硅酸盐钻井液)与隔膜钻井液的防塌成膜机理及其优良特性和现场应用情况,新型纳米钻井液技术的研究进展。建议加强成膜机理的进一步研究,并提高该类钻井液的润滑性、防卡性及膜效率,开发适应具有时敏性的长段页岩钻井的防塌成膜处理剂,并加强在国外页岩气钻井中已实践的纳米钻井液的研究。     

Unusual 9-->10 rearrangement of the substituted cage carbon in the ferratricarbollide series. Synthesis of the isomeric complexes [2-eta 5-(C5H5)-10-X-closo-2,1,7,10-FeC3B8H10] (where X = H2N, MeHN, Me2N, and ButHN)

Treatment of the zwitterionic amine tricarbollides of general formula 7-L-nido-7,8,9-C3B8H10 (1) (where L = Me2HN (1c) and ButH2N (1d)) with [(eta 5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 in refluxing mesitylene resulted in the formation of a mixture of the known compounds [2-(eta 5-C5H5)-9-X-closo-2,1,7,9-FeC3B8H10] (2) (where X = H2N (2a), Me2N (2c), and ButHN (2d)) and a series of new, isomeric ferratricarbollylamines [2-(eta 5-C5H5)-10-X-closo-2,1,7,10-FeC3B8H10] (3) (where X = H2N (3a), Me2N (3c), and ButHN (3d)) in moderate yields. Complexes of type 3 (where X = H2N (3a), MeHN (3b), Me2N (3c), and ButHN (3d)) were also obtained readily by heating complexes of type 2 (where X = H2N (2a), MeHN (2b), Me2N (2c), ButHN (2d), and Bu(t)(Me)N (2e)) at ca. 300 degrees C for 10 min. All the complexes of type 3 contain reactive amine functions in meta positions with respect to the metal center. The observed 9-->10 rearrangement of the substituted cluster carbon is quite unexpected and is believed to result from higher thermodynamic stability of the 10-substituted isomers. The structures of all compounds of type 3 were established by high-field NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and that of 3d was determined by an X-ray diffraction study.     

碳酸盐岩超声波速度频散实验研究

研究岩石超声波速度频散规律,为解决测井和室内超声波透射实验之间数据匹配问题提供参考依据.用数值模拟与物理实验方法研究碳酸盐岩的超声波速度频散现象,结果表明:均质型碳酸盐岩不存在速度频散;孔洞型碳酸盐岩出现了较为明显的速度频散,并随着孔洞密度的增大而增大.孔洞结构也会导致声波速度的离散,这种离散随着频率的增大而减小.不同...     

Polyhedral metallaheteroborane chemistry. Synthesis, spectroscopy, structure and dynamics of eleven-vertex {RhNB(9)} and {PtCB(9)} metallaheteroboranes

Reaction between [RhCl(PPh(3))(3)] and the [nido-6-NB(9)H(11)](-) anion in CH(2)Cl(2) yields orange eleven-vertex [8,8-(PPh(3))(2)-nido-8,7-RhNB(9)H(11)]. Reaction of the [nido-6-CB(9)H(12)](-) anion with [cis-PtCl(2)(PMe(2)Ph)(2)] in methanol affords yellow eleven-vertex [9-(OMe)-8,8-(PMe(2)Ph)(2)-nido-8,7-PtCB(9)H(10)], which is also formed from the reaction of MeOH with [8,8-(PPh(3))(2)-nido-8,7-PtCB(9)H(10)]. Both compounds have been characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and examined by NMR spectroscopy and have structures based on eleven-vertex nido-type geometries, with the metal centre and the heteroatoms in the adjacent (8)- and (7)-positions on the pentagonal open face. The metal-to-heteroborane bonding sphere of is fluxional, with a DeltaG(double dagger) value of 48.4 kJ mol(-1). DFT calculations on the model compounds [8,8-(PH(3))(2)-nido-8,7-RhNB(9)H(11)] and [8,8-(PH(3))(2)-nido-8,7-RhSB(9)H(10)] have been carried out to define the fluxional process and the intermediates involved.     

Macropolyhedral boron-containing cluster chemistry. Synthesis of the nineteen vertex monocarbaborane [9-(terBuNH2)-(anti)-9-CB18H20] by direct carbon-atom Aufbau

[9-((ter)BuNH(2))-(anti)-9-CB(18)H(20)], in 36% yield from anti-B(18)H(22), sodium naphthalene and (ter)BuNC, constitutes the first example of a clean cluster carbon-addition Aufbau to form a macropolyhedral carbaborane.     

Thermal isomerization of η6-arene ferradicarbolllides. Experimental proof for isolobal relation between (η6-arene)Fe and (η5-cyclopentadienyl)Co cluster units

The heating of selected [1-(η(6)-arene)-closo-1,2,3-FeC(2)B(9)H(11)] complexes resulted in the thermal rearrangement and isolation of the corresponding 1,2,4-, 1,2,7-, and 1,2,8-cage isomers. Demonstrated here is a similar rearrangement and the NMR behaviour for isostructural [1-(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)-closo-1,2,3-CoC(2)B(9)H(11)] compounds.     

重庆地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩基础物性实验研究

采集重庆地区下志留统龙马溪组露头页岩,开展其基础物性实验,得到以下认识:①随层理角度的变大,声波时差呈现出增大趋势;②研究区域的页岩层理和微裂缝高度发育,脆性矿物含量高,石英平均含量超过45%,黏土矿物以伊利石为主,含少量的膨胀性黏土伊/蒙混层;③各样品的阳离子交换容量CEC平均值为8.2 mmol/100 g,比表面积的平均取值为18.39 m2.g-1,孔径大小平均值为3.76 nm,比表面积和孔径呈现负相关性。最后,利用灰色关联度法分析了声波时差与理化特性参数间的相关性。结果表明:孔径、比表面积与声波时差关联度较好,分别呈正、负线性相关性。