联系太阳能的试题赏析

太阳能是无污染、洁净、安全、经济的自然能源．科学家预言，21世纪太阳能将成为主要能源，到2030年世界电力的一半来自于太阳能．目前对太阳能的利用有3种方式．     

碰撞问题浅谈

碰撞是一个重要的物理模型，但同学们对此模型的认识和理解有些困难，下面对此问题进行讨论．     

用U（4）群研究氘代乙炔分子的振动激发态能谱

氘代乙炔分子的动力学对称群是三个U(4)群的直积群，找到一个适当群链，其中各子群的卡塞米尔算子组成分子的哈密顿，组合系数由该分子的实验光谱数据确定。利用这个代数哈密顿计算的能谱与实验值相符。实验上尚未观测的光谱也可以计算出来。     

托卡马克中ICRH天线的优化设计

采用等离子体平板模型和三维天线模型数值模拟了托卡马克中ICRH天线与等离子体的耦合过程, 模拟结果表明在其它实验条件相同的条件下,与反对称电流和馈线端长度短的天线相比,对称电流分布和馈线端长度长的发射天线可获得更有效的功率耦合。     

Amplified spontaneous emission properties of a single mode Er3+-doped tellurite fiber

Spectral characteristics of the amplified spontaneous emission(ASE)from a novel single mode Er3+ doped tellurite fiber with D-type cladding is reported in this letter.When pumped at 980 nm,an ASE source that has nearly a 100-nm flat FWHM bandwidth is obtained with a fiber length of 30-60 cm. Variation of ASE spectra with pump powers and fiber lengths are measured.Output power up to 2.0 mW is obtained with a launched pump power of 660 mW.     

Tm3+/Yb3+共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃上转换发光研究

研究了Tm3+/Yb3+共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光光谱,分析了TmO3量对Tm3+/Yb3+共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃上转换发光的影响机理.结果表明:在Tm3+/Yb3+共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光中,Tm3+存在较强的浓度猝灭效应.随Tm2O3含量增加,Tm3+的上转换蓝光和红光强度先增加,后降低,在0.1 mol% Tm2O3达到最大.该结果有助于进一步提高Tm3+的上转换发光效率.     

漂浮气泡形状的研究

用最小势能原理证明液面上漂浮的足够大气泡呈半球状.     

分布式拉曼光纤放大器动态增益控制研究

介绍了动态增益控制的必要性，对动态拉曼传输方程进行了简化，并将其以矩阵形式表示，从而减少了方程的数量，提高了计算速度。由拉曼传输耦合方程推出一种适用于分布式拉曼放大器实时控制的自动控制算法。考虑工程需要，该算法忽略了噪声功率、泵浦间的受激拉曼效应，以及信号和泵浦间受激拉曼效应对泵浦功率的损耗。结果表明该算法能够达到快速抑制输入信号功率突变引起的输出功率／增益波动的目的。     

Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing Properties and Mechanism of Copper Phthalocyanine Film

Copper phthalocyanine film, a p-type organic semiconductor, is synthesized by vacuum sublimation and its surface morphology is characterized by SEM. A silicon-based copper phthalocyanine film gas sensor for NO2 detection is fabricated by MEMS technology. The results show that the resistance and sensitivity of copper phthalocyanine film decrease obviously as the NO2 concentration increases from Oppm to lOOppm. However, the sensitivity nearly keeps a constant of O. 158 between 30 ppm and 70 ppm. The best working temperature of the gas sensor is 90℃ for NO2 gas concentrations of lOppm, 20ppm and 30ppm, which is much lower than that of general metal oxide gas sensor.     

Effects of Substrate Temperature on Helium Content and Microstructure of Nanocrystalline Titanium Films

Helium-charged nanocrystalline titanium films have been deposited by HeAr magnetron co-sputtering. The effects of substrate temperature on the helium content and microstructure of the nanocrystalline titanium films have been studied. The results indicate that helium atoms with a high concentration are evenly incorporated in the deposited titanium films. When the substrate temperature increases from 60℃ to 350℃ while the other deposition＇parameters are fixed, the helium content decreases gradually from 38.6 at.% to 9.2at.%, which proves that nanocrystalline Ti films have a great helium storage capacity. The 20 angle of the Bragg peak of （002） crystal planes of the He-charged Ti film shifts to a lower angle and that of （100） crystal plane is unchanged as compared with that of the pure Ti film, which indicates that the lattice parameter c increases and a keeps at the primitive value. The grain refining and helium damage result in the diffraction peak broadening.