酞菁铜掺杂TiO2微腔的光谱特性和精细结构

化学方法合成了酞菁铜(CuPc)掺杂TiO2微腔,用傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱研究了其的光谱特性,用X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)谱分析了其的精细结构.结果显示,TiO2微腔被CuPc掺杂后,CuPc和TiO2之间发生了相互作用,使红外光谱出现了900.76 cm-1的振动吸收峰;同时,在3 392.75 cm-1的OH振动和2 848.83 cm-1的CH振动发生了"红移";酞菁大环平面的C-C或C-N振动、苯环上C-H面内和C-N面外的弯曲振动也有一定的峰位移动和强度变化.在拉曼光谱图上,CuPc掺杂TiO2微腔中出现的403.4,592.1和679.1 cm-1的TiO2的特征振动峰,但它们发生了波数移动,而在1 586.8和1 525.6cm-1出现的振动峰说明CuPc和TiO2形成了复合体,这些变化与酞菁铜的大环分子结构的平面取向有关.在XAFS上,CuPc掺杂TiO2微腔中的Ti呈现四面体TiO4的结构形式,TiO2的内层的中间距离和表面结构发生了变化.     

高光谱成像激光雷达扫描镜的分析与设计

扫描镜是高光谱成像激光雷达的重要组成部件,因此,分析了多面体转镜扫描、振镜扫描、圆锥扫描三种扫描方式,推导了不同扫描方式的轨迹,并结合飞机航迹得到发射激光扫描轨迹与扫描方式的关系.在此基础上,设计了一种用于高光谱成像激光雷达系统的圆锥扫描方式.实验结果表明,在飞行高度为500 m、激光脉冲重复频率为130 kHz、激光...     

非晶Si/SiO2超晶格结构的交流电致发光

设计并用磁控溅射方法制备了非晶Ｓｉ／ＳｉＯ２超晶格结构,以高纯多晶Ｓｉ为靶材,当以Ａｒ＋Ｏ２为溅射气氛时,得到ＳｉＯ２膜,仅以Ａｒ为气氛时,得到Ｓｉ膜。重复地开和关Ｏ２气,便交替地得到ＳｉＯ２和Ｓｉ膜。衬底在靶前往返平移,改变平移的速度或者改变溅射的功率,可以控制膜的厚度。通过透民镜的照片可以看出ＳｉＯ２和Ｓｉ膜具有均匀的周期结构,用低角Ｘ－射线反射谱表征了超晶格的周期结构和各层的厚度。透射光谱表     

三波长激光雷达探测合肥地区卷云特性

卷云对地气辐射收支平衡有重要影响。根据三波长激光雷达系统于2011年1月~2012年10月在合肥西郊的观测资料,对比分析了不同波长对卷云的探测能力,并研究了合肥地区卷云的云结构和光学厚度等特征。结果表明,在所用的三波长(355、532、1064nm)中,激光雷达的波长越长,其对卷云的探测能力就越强。合肥地区卷云的云峰平均高度在8km左右,冬季较低,夏季较高;卷云平均厚度在1~2km之间。三个波长探测所得的卷云光学厚度基本一致,从而验证了卷云的消光系数与波长无关的理论。合肥地区的卷云以光学厚度小于0.3的薄卷云为主,平均光学厚度在0.12左右。     

Excellent thermoelectric performance predicted in Sb2Te with natural superlattice structure

Using first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport theory, we explore the thermoelectric properties of natural superlattice (SL) structure Sb₂Te. The results show that n-type Sb₂Te possesses larger Seebeck coefficient of 249.59 (318.87) μV/K than p-type Sb₂Te of 219.85 (210.38) μV/K and low lattice thermal conductivity of 1.25 (0.21) W/mK along the in-plane (out-of-plane) direction at 300 K. The excellent electron transport performance is mainly attributed to steeper density of state around the bottom of conduction band. The ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of Sb₂Te is mainly caused by low phonon group velocity and strong anharmonicity. Further analysis shows that the decrease of group velocity comes from flatter dispersion curves which are contributed by the Brillouin-zone folding. The strong anharmonicity is mainly due to the presence of lone-pair electrons in Sb₂Te. Combining such a high Seebeck coefficient with the low lattice thermal conductivity, maximum n-type thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 1.46 and 1.38 could be achieved along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions at room temperature, which is higher than the reported values of Sb₂Te₃. The findings presented here provide insight into the transport property of Sb₂Te and highlight potential applications of thermoelectric materials at room temperature.     

Single-molecule mechanical folding and unfolding kinetics of armless mitochondrial tRNAArg from Romanomermis culicivorax

The mechanical stability of tRNAs contributes to their biological activities. The mitochondrial tRNA^Arg from Romanomermis culicivorax is the shortest tRNA ever known. This tRNA lacks D- and T-arms, represents a stem-bulge-stem architecture but still folds into a stable tertiary structure. Although its structure had been reported, studies on its mechanical folding and unfolding kinetic characteristics are lacking. Here, we directly measured the single-molecule mechanical folding and unfolding kinetics of the armless mt tRNA^Arg by using optical tweezers in different solution conditions. We revealed a two-step reversible unfolding pathway: the first and large transition corresponds to the unfolding of acceptor stem and bulge below 11 pN, and the second and small transition corresponds to the unfolding of anticodon arm at 12 pN-14 pN. Moreover, the free energy landscapes of the unfolding pathways were reconstructed. We also demonstrated that amino acid-chelated Mg²⁺(aaCM), which mimics the intracellular solution condition, stabilizes the bulge of mitochondrial tRNA^Arg possibly by reducing the topological constraints or stabilizing the possible local non-canonical base pairings within the bulge region. Our study revealed the solution-dependent mechanical stability of an armless mt tRNA, which may shed light on future mt tRNA studies.     

可见/近红外超光谱碲镉汞焦平面研究

为了满足可见-近红外波段的高光谱分辨率和高灵敏观测需求, 采用大面阵、低噪声碲镉汞焦平面制备技术和低损伤衬底去除技术, 成功制备了高信噪比大面阵可见/近红外碲镉汞焦平面探测器。无损衬底去除技术采用机械抛光和化学腐蚀相结合的方法, 使焦平面的响应波段拓展至400 nm~2 600 nm。采用信号定量化焦平面测试评价手段对可见/近红外碲镉汞焦平面的性能进行评估, 640×512 25 μm中心距碲镉汞焦平面的波段量子效率可达到88.4%, 信噪比达到287, 有效像元率大于98%, 能够获得清晰的可见和近红外波段图像。     

温度对聚酰亚胺直流击穿特性与闪络特性影响的研究

随着超导技术的迅速发展,高温超导电力设备的工作温度已经可以控制在液氮温度附近,绝缘材料的电气特性是影响电力设备工作性能和运行可靠性的重要因素。聚酰亚胺由于其优异的电气性能和力学性能,广泛应用于常温下电力设备绝缘,而其作为低温绝缘材料应用的研究目前鲜有报道。因此,在液氮温度下聚酰亚胺的绝缘性能研究具有十分重要的意义。文中选取室温附近(300K)和液氮温度(78K)两个温度点,对聚酰亚胺的直流击穿性能和沿面闪络特性进行了测试。研究结果表明温度对聚酰亚胺绝缘材料的直流击穿场强和沿面闪络强度均有一定影响。     

影响倒装焊LED芯片电流分布均匀性的因素分析

为研究影响倒装LED芯片电流密度均匀分布的因素, 建立了芯片的三维有限元电学模型, 采用COMSOL有限元仿真方法, 分析了芯片尺寸、电极结构、电流注入点对倒装LED芯片电流分布均匀性的影响, 并对相关机理进行了探讨. 研究结果表明, 芯片尺寸的增加扩展了电流的横向传输路径与横向电阻, 使LED芯片电流分布的不均匀性呈指数型恶化; 叉指式电极结构可有效缩短电流传输途径, 增加叉指电极数目有利于电流均匀性的提高; 通过在块状电极上合理设计电流注入点可缩短电流传输路径, 显著提高电流的均匀性.     

复合绝缘层交流薄膜电致发光显示屏的综合设计

本文从交流薄膜电致发光(ACTFEL)显示屏的稳定性与可靠性角度出发,兼顾其发光亮度以及驱动电路对屏的RC响应的要求,对ACTFEL矩阵屏的结构进行了综合优化设计.从理论上分析了复合绝缘层SiO₂/Ta₂O₅击穿方式的转变条件并计算了其合理的厚度比例及ZnS:Mn发光层的厚度和衬底ITO方块电阻的取值范围.通过实验对理论结果进行了验证,并在理论设计的指导下研制了640×480(10英寸)ZnS:MnACTFEL单色计算机终端显示器.