光泵三能级激光的全量子理论

本文采用Langevin量子理论处理光泵三能级激光体系。在激光场的光子数不太高时导出一个普适的激光场Van der Pol运动方程。它既包括了非相干和相干泵浦,又包括了强泵浦和弱泵浦情况。若对热库取平均,该方程将给出半经典理论的全部结果。本文的结果表明,激光增益来源于两个基本过程:两个光子过程和两步过程。当泵浦强度大于某阈值时,将出现动态斯塔克效应。激光线宽主要来源于热噪声、真空涨落、激光能级的自发辐射以及自发Raman散射。 关键词：     

有旋转对称象差的双筒物镜孔径调制对MTF的影响

本文研究双筒物镜的孔径调制的影响。其轴向象差特性是通过对设计数据计算得到的。在有轴向象差的情况下,测量调制孔径的 MTF。孔径调制用一块在光学平面上有一个不透明环带的遮光板来实现,它与被测的透镜相接触。MTF 随不透明环带的面积和位置变化。适当调整不透明环带的位置,可改善透镜的 MTF。把调制孔径的 MTF 曲线与同调制孔径面积相同的缩小的圆形孔径的 MTF 曲线作了比较。看来,多数光学系统的特性是可以用适当的孔径调制来改善的。     

关于Wess-Zumino-Witten有效作用量的规范不变性

本文指出, 为了引入规范不变的Wess-Zumino-Witten有效作用量, SU(3)_L×SU(3)_R的规范子群必须满足一个大范围的无反常条件. 这个条件要求规范子群的左手与右手的Chern-Simons与形式必须彼此相等, 在局部意义上, 这个条件等价于通常微扰论意义下的无反常条件. 本文运用一种系统的方法导出这个条件并构造规范不变的有效作用量. 对于非阿贝规范群, 这里给出的有效作用量所含的项比Witten的要少. 本文还讨论了纯规范的情形.     

Geometric formulations and variational integrators of discrete autonomous Birkhoff systems

The variational integrators of autonomous Birkhoff systems are obtained by the discrete variational principle. The geometric structure of the discrete autonomous Birkhoff system is formulated. The discretization of mathematical pendulum shows that the discrete variational method is as effective as symplectic scheme for the autonomous Birkhoff systems.     

分离作用RFQ加速器物理特性的研究

RFQ加速器中加速效率随加速能量的增高而下降,为克服由此导致的RFQ能量局限而提出的分离作用RFQ加速结构,在仍保持采用射频四极场聚焦的同时,将加速与聚焦作用相分离. 综述了对它的加速效率、反场问题、腔体及束流特性研究 的结果,初步证实了其可行性及在较高能量区加速效率得到提高,并对正在研制的一台采用了这种分离作用RFQ的1.5MeV组合加速器做了介绍.     

Fabrication and characterization of ultra-low noise narrow and wide band Josephson parametric amplifiers

We have fabricated two types of lumped-element Josephson parameter amplifiers (JPAs) by using a multilayer micro-fabrication process involving wet etching of Al films. The first type is a narrow band JPA which shows typical gain above 14 dB in a bandwidth around 35 MHz. The second type is a wideband JPA which is coupled to an input 50 Ω transmission line via an impedance transformer that changes the impedance from about 15 Ω on the non-linear resonator side to 50 Ω on the input transmission line side. The wideband JPA could operate in a 200 MHz range with a gain higher than 14 dB. The amplifiers were used for superconducting qubit readout. The results showed that the signal to noise ratio and hence the readout fidelity were improved significantly.     

玫瑰枝、叶中微量元素含量的测定及动态研究

用原子吸收光谱法对大马士革玫瑰枝、叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn 5种微量元素的含量进行了测定,并研究了不同生理条件、不同器官中5种元素含量的动态变化规律。结果表明:大马士革玫瑰枝叶中含有丰富的Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn微量元素,元素含量高低顺序依次为:Ca>Mg>Fe>Mn>Cu;玫瑰叶片中的微量元素含量均明显高于枝条,甚至较枝条要高出一个数量级以上;未开花植株和开花植株微量元素含量的动态变化规律总体上基本相似,但是未开花植株的微量元素含量要显著低于开花植株;在生长季节内,5种微量元素含量各呈现不同的动态变化规律,这与植物的生长发育和元素的植物生理功能密切相关。     

Quantum metrology

The statistical error is ineluctable in any measurement. Quantum techniques, especially with the development of quantum information, can help us squeeze the statistical error and enhance the precision of measurement. In a quantum system, there are some quantum parameters, such as the quantum state, quantum operator, and quantum dimension, which have no classical counterparts. So quantum metrology deals with not only the traditional parameters, but also the quantum parameters. Quantum metrology includes two important parts： measuring the physical parameters with a precision beating the classical physics limit and measuring the quantum parameters precisely. In this review, we will introduce how quantum characters （e.g., squeezed state and quantum entanglement） yield a higher precision, what the research areas are scientists most interesting in, and what the development status of quantum metrology and its perspectives are.     

逐差法和Excel在牛顿环实验数据处理中的比较

逐差法是牛顿环实验中测量透镜曲率半径的常用数据处理方法。运用Excel软件对牛顿环实验数据计算、绘图和线性拟合,可以提高数据处理的效率,降低实验误差。     

通过相位偏移来测量弱值

几年前,由Aharonov, Albert和Vaidman等提出了量子力学中对于可观测量的弱测量理论(weak measurement). 弱测量过程中测量系统与态之间的相互作用相当弱,从而不会导致态的塌缩.