氯化亚锡吸附与配位作用下L-肌肽的表面增强拉曼光谱

利用在电极表面强化学吸附的氯化亚锡与被测有机/生物分子之间的相互作用,不仅可以有效消除被测分子的碳化和氧化现象,还可以获得特别的增强信号,可应用于反应活性强的有机/生物分子的表面增强拉曼光谱分析。还报道了肌肽的电化学表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱的研究结果,重点考察了加入氯化亚锡前后和改变电极电势对肌肽吸附SERS光谱的影响。无氯化亚锡时,肌肽的SERS光谱存在严重的碳化信号的干扰;氯化亚锡存在下,调控电极电势可引起吸附的氯化亚锡与肌肽在电极表面发生配位作用,借助这种表面相互作用,可将肌肽固载于基底表面,从而获得L-肌肽的高质量表面增强拉曼光谱,完全消除碳化现象的干扰。     

高压液态重水的拉曼光谱研究

应用金刚石压腔结合拉曼光谱技术研究了重水在291 K,0.1～800 MPa条件下的拉曼谱图。结果表明：压力增大的过程中,重水的拉曼伸缩振动光谱向低频方向移动,并且频移和压力基本呈线性相关。频移没有突变,没有发生相的转变。将重水的拉曼谱峰分解为代表分子内O—D振动的高频峰和代表分子间氢键振动的低频峰。研究这两种不同类型谱峰的性质,发现代表分子间氢键的低频峰峰面积在不同的压力范围内呈现出不同的变化特征,压力对分子间氢键的影响并不是持续不变的。拉曼峰的峰面积反映的是产生这种拉曼峰的振动的数目,峰面积的变化反映了特征振动数目的变化。由于分子间氢键的强相互作用,水分子总是倾向于形成对称的空间五分子四面体结构,因此最大峰面积代表了最稳定的五分子团簇结构。     

高压下NaCl水溶液的Raman光谱不连续性的证据

在温度21 ℃和压力50～1 100 MPa范围内利用碳化硅压腔进行了10％的NaCl水溶液的Raman光谱的原位测量和研究。研究发现：溶液的Raman拟合谱峰在50～300 MPa压力范围内,随着压力的增加向低波数方向移动,在约300 MPa时达到最小值;在300～800 MPa压力范围内,压力的升高则导致谱峰向高波数方向移动,在约800 MPa时达到最大值;随着压力的进一步升高(＞800 MPa),谱峰又向低波数方向移动。类似地,拟合谱峰的峰面积比值和半高宽在压力约300和800 MPa时也发现了不连续现象。这表明高压下NaCl水溶液的内部结构是不连续的,溶液中的氢键(O—H…Cl-)发生了相应的变化,意味着溶液中出现了结构的重新排列,产生了较为复杂的结构构型。     

一个非线性方程的显示行波解

利用双曲函数法和吴元代数消元法,获得了Ｒ－Ｌ－Ｗ方程的多组行波解,其中包括新的行波解、有理函数形式的行波解。     

由一道物理试题谈解题训练中的素质培养

受一定外力作用的物体,因初始条件不同,其运动的具体情况大有差别,这是无须费力稍举几例就可解决的问题.然而,初始条件与物体运动的关系,却是易于疏忽之点.在教学过程中,选取几次合宜时机开展课堂讨论,布置思考问题和课外练习,进行习题讲评,以至印发补充材料等等,并非“节外生枝”地干扰具体知识的渐进讲授,对培养同学独立解决问题能力、提高同学物理素质来说，乃是一件有意义的事．     

常温和0.1～1 400 MPa条件下黄铜矿的拉曼光谱研究

实验利用金刚石压腔装置研究了常温和0.1～1 400 MPa范围内黄铜矿A₁振动模式的原位拉曼光谱特征。结果显示在实验条件范围内,该拉曼振动峰的强度和形态保持稳定,表明晶格内Cu-S和Fe-S间的相互作用没有发生质变。实验发现黄铜矿该拉曼振动的波数随着压力升高连续向高频方向移动,两者的线性关系为：ν₂₉₀＝0.031 2p+290.60(0.1≤p<58.8 MPa)和ν₂₉₀＝0.005 72p+292.10(58.8≤p<1 400 MPa)dν/dp。常温下58.8 MPa是黄铜矿该拉曼波数随压力变化率的一个突变点,低于和高于该压力时分别为31.2和5.72 cm-1·GPa-1,显著的差异表明黄铜矿的结构可能发生了某种改变。     

Optical phase front control in a metallic grating with equally spaced alternately tapered slits

A technique capable of focusing and bending electromagnetic （EM） waves through plasmonic gratings with equally spaced alternately tapered slits has been introduced. Phase resonances are observed in the optical response of transmission gratings, and the EM wave passes through the tuning slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） and obtains the required phase retardation to focus at the focal plane. The bending effect is achieved by constructing an asymmetric phase front which results from the tapered slits and gradient refractive index （GRIN） distribution of the dielectric material. Rigorous electromagnetic analysis by using the two-dimensional （2D） finite difference time domain （FDTD） method is employed to verify our proposed designs. When the EM waves are incident at an angle on the optical axis, the beam splitting effect can also be achieved. These index-modulated slits are demonstrated to have unique advantages in beam manipulation compared with the width-modulated ones. In combination with previous studies, it is expected that our results could lead to the realization of ootimum designs for plasmonic nanolenses.     

激光惯性约束聚变中光学汤姆逊散射研究进展

当前,激光惯性约束聚变在越来越接近点火的极端能量密度条件下,实验与模拟的偏离逐渐增大,一个关键原因是缺乏对黑腔等离子体状态及其影响黑腔能量学和内爆对称性的细致研究和判断。光学汤姆逊散射主动式、诊断精确、参数完备的优点,使之成为激光惯性约束聚变黑腔等离子体状态参数精密诊断的标准方法。中国面向激光惯性约束聚变研究的光学汤姆逊散射实验技术的发展与神光系列激光装置的建设和在其上开展的物理实验紧密相关。近年来,四倍频汤姆逊散射实验技术在神光III原型和100 kJ激光装置上相继建立,部分实验结果不仅加深了对激光惯性约束聚变靶物理的认识,还反映了实验条件对汤姆逊散射诊断的影响,促进了实验技术的精密化发展。在未来,还需要进一步发展多支路汤姆逊散射、五倍频汤姆逊散射和超热相干汤姆逊散射等新技术,面向点火黑腔条件,大幅提升激光等离子体状态参数的诊断精度,开展新物理机制的探索和研究,在激光惯性约束聚变和其他高能量密度物理科学领域发挥更重要的作用。     

Retinal axial focusing and multi-layer imaging with a liquid crystal adaptive optics camera

With the help of adaptive optics(AO) technology, cellular level imaging of living human retina can be achieved.Aiming to reduce distressing feelings and to avoid potential drug induced diseases, we attempted to image retina with dilated pupil and froze accommodation without drugs. An optimized liquid crystal adaptive optics camera was adopted for retinal imaging. A novel eye stared system was used for stimulating accommodation and fixating imaging area. Illumination sources and imaging camera kept linkage for focusing and imaging different layers. Four subjects with diverse degree of myopia were imaged. Based on the optical properties of the human eye, the eye stared system reduced the defocus to less than the typical ocular depth of focus. In this way, the illumination light can be projected on certain retina layer precisely.Since that the defocus had been compensated by the eye stared system, the adopted 512 × 512 liquid crystal spatial light modulator(LC-SLM) corrector provided the crucial spatial fidelity to fully compensate high-order aberrations. The Strehl ratio of a subject with-8 diopter myopia was improved to 0.78, which was nearly close to diffraction-limited imaging. By finely adjusting the axial displacement of illumination sources and imaging camera, cone photoreceptors, blood vessels and nerve fiber layer were clearly imaged successfully.