改性火山岩除磷性能的研究

采用简单的煅烧方法处理火山岩,用测量吸光度的方法测量火山岩对水中低浓度正磷酸根离子的去除率,比较煅烧温度和投放剂量对火山岩除磷性能的影响,得出所选用火山岩的最佳处理温度为1100℃,最佳投放剂量为5.0-7.5g/L’最佳作用时间为48h左右.最后还对火山岩的除磷机制作了初步的探讨.     

热效应对光折变晶体两波耦合的特性影响的理论分析

用一种模型对两波耦合进行了分析，导出了强度相位的解析式，对影响两波耦合的参数进行了理论分析。分析了对ＢａＴｉＯ３光折变晶体的两波耦合的测量结果。     

两体扰动势构造CO_2通道反应三原子体系解析势

应用两体扰动势，成功地构造了线性三原分子CO_2平衡态及通道反应的三原子 体系相互作用解析热。势函数不但定量地描述了CO_2平衡态的临界特性，而且势能 面正确的描述了O(~1D)+CO(X~1∑+)→CO_2→C(~3P)+O_2(X~3∑-_g)通道反应的性 质。理论分析与实验推测结果非常吻合。     

手性配体立体选择性萃取分离扁桃酸对映体

Based on chiral ligand exchange, the distribution behavior of mandelic acid enantiomers in the two-phase system containing copper ion(Ⅱ)(Cu²⁺) and N-n-dedecane-L-hydroxyproline (L), was studied. At different pH, the partition of Cu²⁺ in the two-phase system containing N-n-dedecane-L-hydroxyproline, was investigated. The formation constant of binary cpmplex(Li₂Cu) was obtained by regression. The influence of pH, concentrations of Cu²⁺ and chiral ligand, and solvents on partition coefficients(K) and separation factor(α), was discussed. The experimental results show that Li forms more stable ternary complex with D-mandelic acid than with L- mandelic acid. There is a large influence of pH on K and α. At low pH values (<3.5), formation of binary complexes is thermodynamically unfavourable. K and α are best when pH values are above 3.5 and the molar ratio of chiral ligand to Cu²⁺ is 2∶1. At the same time, solvents influence K and α very much.     

LiCoO2中锂离子固相扩散系数随循环次数的变化

The solid diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion in LiCoO₂ cathode material has been investigated by the capacity intermittent titration technique (CITT) at different voltages and at different charge/discharge cycles. By SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques, the structure of LiCoO₂ was studied before and after charge-discharge cycles, and the relationship between solid diffusion coefficient and crystal structure was further discussed. CITT results show that the value of Li⁺ solid diffusion coefficient of LiCoO₂ is about 10^-12 cm²·s^-1. During the whole charge-discharge cycles, the Li⁺ solid diffusion coefficient decreased within the voltage of 4.0～4.3 V, which is attributed to the change of the structure of LiCoO₂.     

新型除草剂丙酯草醚A环14C均标记合成和鉴定

以U-¹⁴C-对氨基苯甲酸为前体, 通过酯化、缩合、还原和取代四步反应获得了A环¹⁴C均标记的丙酯草醚, 用PHPLC对其进行纯化. 采用HPLC-MS(ESI), MS(EI)和¹H NMR验证了其结构, 通过HPLC(外标法)确定其化学纯度大于98%; HPLC-LSC和TLC-IIA两种方法分析表明, 其放射化学纯度大于98%, 其比活度为1.089±0.011 mCi/mmol. 合成的化学收率和放化收率均为53%.     

淀粉制备高吸水性材料

以木薯淀粉为原料,经常温碱糊化,在酸性介质中用KMnO_4为引发剂,进行丙烯腈与淀粉的接枝共聚。结果表明:单体转化率高,接枝效率达95％,支链分子量达30万。接枝共聚物在碱溶液中水解,水解产物的吸水能力超过自重的2000倍。此法通过了中试。