First-principles study of structural,elastic, and thermodynamic properties of ZrHf alloy

Structural parameters, elastic constants, and thermodynamic properties of ordered and disordered solid solutions of Zr Hf alloys are investigated through first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory(DFT). The special quasi-random structure(SQS) method is used to model the disordered phase as a single unit cell, and two lamella structures are generated to model the ordered alloys. Small strains are applied to the unit cells to measure the elastic behavior and mechanical stability of Zr Hf alloys and to obtain the independent elastic constants by the stress–strain relationship. Phonon dispersions and phonon density of states are presented to verify the thermodynamic stability of the considered phases. Our results show that both the ordered and disordered phases of Zr Hf alloys are structurally stable. Based on the obtained phonon frequencies, thermodynamic properties, including Gibbs free energy, entropy, and heat capacity, are predicted within the quasi-harmonic approximation. It is verified that there are no obvious differences in energy between ordered and disordered phases over a wide temperature range.     

密度泛函与分子模拟计算介孔孔径分布比较

用巨正则系综Monte Carlo模拟(GCMC)方法和密度泛函理论（ DFT）结合统计积分方程（SIE）计算了介孔材料的孔径分布.为比较这两种方法,以77 K氮气在介孔活性碳微球中的吸附数据为依据,求出其孔径分布.在GCMC模拟和DFT计算中,流体分子模型化为单点的Lerrnard-Jones球;流体分子与吸附剂材料之间的作用采用平均场理论中的10-4-3模型.在DFT方法中,自由能采用Tarazona 提出的加权近似密度泛函方法(weighted density approximation,WDA)求解.结果表明,对于孔径大于1.125 nm的介孔材料,GCMC和DFT两种方法都可以用来研究介孔材料的孔径分布;对于小于1.125 nm的介孔材料,不能用DFT方法计算孔径分布（DFT方法本身的近似产生了误差）,只能用分子模拟方法.     

一种同轴腔微波等离子体反应器的设计及电磁场计算

设计了一种同轴腔微波等离子体反应器,推导了谐振腔内电磁场分布表达式,对谐振腔中的电磁分布进行了数值计算,得到与理论推导结果相对应的场强分布图。同时采用HFSS软件对本文设计的同轴谐振腔等离子体反应器进行电磁场的模拟仿真,优化出谐振腔的最优尺寸和场强分布图。软件模拟与理论推导结果吻合,说明了本方案设计的可靠性。本文设计的谐振腔固有品质因数可达17800,峰值场强高达9.29×103V/(m·W),且分布均匀,微波能量集中,有利于反应气体产生放电。     

Theoretical study on electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of PbS_xTe_(1-x)(x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) solid solution

The electronic structure and thermoelectric(TE) properties of PbS_xTe_(1-x)(x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) solid solution have been studied by combining the first-principles calculations and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The special quasirandom structure(SQS) method is used to model the solid solutions of PbS_xTe_(1-x), which can produce reasonable electronic structures with respect to experimental results. The maximum zT value can reach 1.67 for p-type PbS0.75Te0.25 and 1.30 for PbS0.5Te0.5 at 800 K, respectively. The performance of p-type PbS_xTe_(1-x) is superior to the n-type ones, mainly attributed to the higher effective mass of the carriers. The z T values for PbS_xTe_(1-x) solid solutions are higher than that of pure Pb Te and Pb S, in which the combination of low thermal conductivity and high power factor play important roles.     

一种用于辉光放电光谱分析小件试样的附件

由于辉光放电光谱仪对样品的形状尺寸要求较高,特别对小样品的检测比较困难。文中报道了一种用于辉光放电光谱仪分析小件样品的附件,提出了设计思路、产品结构和技术特性,并给出了部分小样品的检测实例。     

630例胃癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨胃癌的临床病理特点.方法 收集我院2002年1月～2005年12月4年中经胃镜或(及)手术并经病理确诊的胃癌病例,就胃癌发病情况及相关资料进行分析.结果 青年人胃癌发病率女性高于男性,好发于胃窦、胃角、胃体,组织病理学类型以差分化癌为主,中老年胃癌男性高于女性,好发于胃体,贲门胃底,组织病理学类型以高中分化腺癌为主,两组胃癌组织病理学类型有极显著差异(P＜0.01).结论 青年胃癌恶性程度高于中老年胃癌.     

空气中微量1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷吸附分离的分子模拟

利用实验和巨正则系综蒙特卡罗(GCMC)方法研究了N2/HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)二元混合物在活性碳纤维(ACF)内的吸附分离.重点讨论了孔径、压强及温度对HFC-134a吸附选择性的影响,为不同条件下吸附空气中的微量HFC-134a提供了理论参考.结果表明:较小孔径、低压以及低温条件有利于HFC-134a的吸附分离.在常温下,HFC-134a在带有孔径分布的活性碳纤维材料内的吸附选择性可以达到62,表明我们所制备的活性碳纤维材料可以较好地分离空气中微量的HFC-134a.特别地,在常温和0.41×105Pa下,0.75nm的碳孔对HFC-134a的吸附选择性达到了230.因此,为了有效地吸附空气中的HFC-134a,推荐使用小孔径的碳材料.     

Y掺杂SrTiO3晶体材料的电子结构计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势法, 研究了Y掺杂SrTiO3体系的空间结构和电子结构性质, 得到了优化后体系的结构参数, 掺杂形成能, 能带结构和电子态密度. 对比掺杂浓度为0.125, 0.25, 0.33时,Sr1-xYxTiO3和SrTi1-xYxO3的掺杂形成能,发现Y替代Sr能形成更稳定的结构. 对Sr1-xYxTiO3(x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.33) 的结构进行了优化,结果表明Y替代Sr后, 随着掺杂浓度增大, 体系的晶格常数逐渐减小, 稳定性逐渐增强. 对不同掺杂浓度的Sr1-xYxTiO3能带结构的计算结果表明:纯净的SrTiO3是绝缘体, 价带顶在R点, 导带底在Γ点, 费米能级处于价带顶; 掺杂Y后, 费米能级进入到导带底中, 体系呈金属性;掺杂浓度越大,费米能级进入导带的位置越深,禁带宽度也近似变宽.     

A density-functional theory investigation on disorption of O2 on Sn(111) and its comparison with initial oxidation on the X(111) (X=Si,Ge, Sn,Pb) surfaces

The first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the adsorption of O₂ molecules on an Sn(111) 2×2 surface. The chemisorbed adsorption precursor states for O₂ are identified to be along the parallel and vertical channels, and the surface reconstructions of Sn(111) induced by oxygen adsorption are studied. Based on this, the adsorption behaviours of O₂ on X(111) (X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) surfaces are analysed, and the most stable adsorption channels of O₂ on X(111) (X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) are identified. The surface reconstructions and electron distributions along the most stable adsorption channels are discussed and compared. The results show that the O₂ adsorption ability declines gradually and the amount of charge transferred decreases with the enhancement of metallicity.     

铜钨合金高温高压性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了三种不同比例铜钨合金(Cu3W,Cu W,Cu W3)的基态及高温、高压下的电子结构、弹性性质和热力学性质.弹性常数计算结果表明Cu3W为结构不稳定相,Cu W和Cu W3为结构稳定相,与声子色散曲线得到的结论一致.通过对态密度的分析,发现随压强的增大,金属键键能增大,并且态密度有向深能级移动的趋势.通过准简谐德拜模型和准简谐近似模型分别计算、分析和对比了三种铜钨合金在不同温度和压强下的体弹模量、热膨胀系数、德拜温度和比热容.