MgSiO3钙钛矿高温高压特性的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理方法,计算了MgSiO3钙钛矿在零温和0 ~ 150 GPa静水压范围内的晶体结构和弹性模量,并利用准简谐近似Debye模型,拟合三阶Birch-Murnaghan物态方程得到了其高温高压下的热力学性质。通过与现有的理论和实验的结果数据比较,确认在0 ~ 2000 K的温度区间内,第一性原理计算结合Debye模型能够较可靠地模拟在下地幔压力范围内MgSiO3钙钛矿的热力学性质。     

Electronic and Elastic Properties of Helical Nickel Nanowires

The structural and elastic properties of ultrathin nickel nanowires are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation with a Sutton-Chen potential. Helical multi-shell structures are obtained as the most stable structures for Ni nanowires with diameters of about 1 nm. The electronic states of these nanowires are computed and compared with that of Ni solid. The mechanical responses of the helical nanowires under tensile forces are simulated. We observe elastic deformation of nanowires characterized by periodic oscillations of the nanowire length under constant force. Within an elastic limit, both the atomic structures and the electronic structures remain stable under external tensile loading.     

碳纳米管材料的储锂性能

碳纳米管较低的碳原子密度、管径和管间的空隙可以为锂离子提供大量的嵌入空间,从而拥有更高的储锂能力。本文结合实验与理论研究的最新成果,综述了这一领域的主要进展和前景。实验上,对单壁碳纳米管进行适当处理,可以将锂存储量提高到常规石墨材料的2~3倍。根据密度泛函理论计算,锂在不同碳纳米管束中的最高理论嵌入量可以达到Li0.5C。嵌入后锂和碳纳米管之间发生了完全的电荷转移,碳纳米管的Fermi能级上移到导带中,所有碳纳米管都转变为金属。纳米管自身的电子结构对锂的吸附是至关重要的,缺电子体系更有利于锂的吸附。锂在B掺杂的复合管如BC3纳米管中有很大的吸附能。锂穿透纳米管壁从管壁外进入纳米管内的能垒,随着纳米管壁拓扑缺陷结构的尺寸变大而显著降低,B在纳米管壁的存在会进一步降低锂穿越纳米管壁的能垒。同时B的掺杂会降低相同拓扑缺陷的生成能,导致在BC3纳米管中出现更多的拓扑缺陷,从而有利于锂离子的扩散。实验与理论计算的结合可望加深对锂离子在纳米管材料中嵌入过程的理解,指导设计具有更高储锂性能的新材料。     

幻数尺寸Li-n-1,Lin,Li+ n+1(n=20,40)团簇的几何结构、电子与光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理分子动力学模拟退火方法,对Li^-_n-1,Li_n,Li⁺_n+1 (n=20,40)的最低能量结构进行了全局搜索. 发现锂团簇的生长模式是以单个或多个嵌套的正多面体为核心,其余原子以五角锥为基本单元围绕核心生长. 基于最低能量结构的第一性原理电子结构计算得到锂团簇的分子轨道能级分布与无结构凝胶模型给出的电子壳层完全一致. 在总电 关键词： 团簇 电子结构 极化率 光吸收     

Compression behavior and spectroscopic properties of insensitive explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from dispersion-corrected density functional theory

Using dispersion corrected density functional theory, we systematically examined the pressure effect on crystal structure, cell volume, and band gap of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB) to understand its extraordinary chemical stability. Analysis of the Mulliken population and the electron density of states implied a possible charge transfer in TATB with increasing pressure. Raman and infrared spectra of TATB under hydrostatic pressure up to 30 GPa were simulated.The observed strong coupling between NH_2 groups and NO_2 groups with increasing pressure, which is considered to have a tendency of energy transfer with these vibrational modes, was analyzed. The pressure-induced frequency shift of selected vibrational modes indicated minor changes of molecular conformation mainly by the rotation of NH_2 groups. Compression behavior and spectroscopic property studies are expected to shed light on the physical and chemical properties of TATB on an atomistic scale.     

中等尺寸磷团簇Pn(n=21-29)基态结构的遗传算法搜索

应用遗传算法结合第一性原理密度泛函理论,对中等尺寸的磷团簇体系Pn(n=21-29)做了全局搜索,研究其基态结构和电子性质。研究结果显示中等尺寸磷团簇的结构较为复杂,整体结构为管状链式结构,绝大部分没有对称性或对称性很低。团簇体系的二阶能量差分和HOMO-LUMO能隙都存在奇偶振荡,其中偶数尺寸的磷团簇要比奇数尺寸具有相对更高的稳定性。     

效率15.05%!首次发现并制备具有反向量子阱分布的高稳定2D钙钛矿太阳能电池

<正>能源一直是人类文明发展的重要动力。煤炭、石油等传统化石能源曾对社会的进步起到功不可没的作用,但储存量却十分的有限。同时,化石燃料的燃烧伴随大量的温室气体和污染物的排放,导致环境恶化。因此,发展新型储量丰富的清洁能源势在必行,太阳能作为一种清洁可再生能源被寄予很大希望。     

Irradiation-induced void evolution in iron:A phase-field approach with atomistic derived parameters

A series of material parameters are derived from atomistic simulations and implemented into a phase field(PF) model to simulate void evolution in body-centered cubic(bcc) iron subjected to different irradiation doses at different temperatures.The simulation results show good agreement with experimental observations — the porosity as a function of temperature varies in a bell-shaped manner and the void density monotonically decreases with increasing temperatures; both porosity and void density increase with increasing irradiation dose at the same temperature. Analysis reveals that the evolution of void number and size is determined by the interplay among the production, diffusion and recombination of vacancy and interstitial.     

Fe2+取代对MgSiO3钙钛矿高温高压物性的影响

(Mg, Fe)SiO₃钙钛矿是下地幔中最主要的候选矿物成分之一, 关于其高温高压特性的研究对于深层地幔状态的理解和地震波变化规律的探索具有重要意义. 应用第一性原理计算了MgSiO₃和(Mg_0.75, Fe_0.25)SiO₃在0–140 GPa静水压范围内的晶体结构和弹性模量, 并由Voigt-Reuss-Hill方程计算了地震波速随压力的变化, 利用准简谐近似下的Debye模型模拟了高温效应, 分析了Fe²⁺取代Mg²⁺后镁铁钙钛矿弹性和热学性质的变化, 推断Fe²⁺取代行为软化了MgSiO₃等含镁的地球深部矿物的地震波速. 为解释地幔中某些区域的地震波速软化现象提供了一个有力的理论依据. 关键词： 钙钛矿 铁 高压 波速     

氢、氮、铍、锂原子在缺陷富勒烯CX（x=58-62）中的吸附与渗透

碳富勒烯包合物由于潜在的应用前景受到广泛关注。我们采用第一性原理方法计算了氢、氮、锂、铍原子在不同碳富勒烯中的吸附和穿越。根据原子在不同碳富勒烯笼中的势能曲线,我们给出了原子穿越碳富勒烯笼的势垒和势阱,归纳出原子穿越碳笼机理分为插入机理、渗透机理以及插入机理和渗透机理的混合机理。