基于电流转移法的直流断路器灭弧方案仿真

灭弧问题是直流断路器需要解决的难题之一。在对比分析了四种典型的直流断路器灭弧方案的基础上,得出了电流转移法具有其他方法无法比拟的优点结论,并结合案例对采用电流转移法的直流断路器系统进行等效理论分析,基于Matlab建立仿真模型。仿真结果表明,基于电流转移法的直流断路器能够产生电流人工过零点,且具有较好的灭弧效果。     

巧用图像解决生活中的实际问题

在实际生活中,常遇到类似如下的问题.[题目]甲、乙两城市相距160 km,某车队每天6点至22点,在两城市对开长途汽车.为讨论问题方便,假定汽车做匀速运动,速度为80 km/h.每隔1 h开出一班车.每班车到站后需做1 h的内务清洁工作后,再从对方车站开出.     

Research Progress of Regulation of Driving Forces in Short Peptide Supramolecular Self-Assembly北大核心CSCD

Some short peptides can spontaneously self-assemble into various nanostructures via the synergistic driving forces of non-covalent interactions. These non-covalent interactions,including electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,aromatic interactions and other non-covalent interactions,are usually highly coupled together. Through rational sequence design and proper modification of short peptide molecules,the driving forces could be regulated purposively,and the nanostructures and morphologies of the self-assemblies could be controlled accordingly,and thus so as to achieve the fabrication of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials and develop their functions. In this paper,the effects of hydrogen bonding,π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic interaction,metal ion coordination and chiral center on the self-assembly behavior of peptide self-assembly have been reviewed. The driving force regulation strategies, including sequence design,pH and concentration adjustment and metal ion coordination,and the resulted nanostructures have also been discussed. We also make the outlooks on the development of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials with specific functions in biomedicines and biocatalysis. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

镁掺杂氧化铈整体式催化剂催化CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用共沉淀法成功地合成了不同Mg掺杂量的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂(x=0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20)固溶体催化材料,并运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附测试、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等技术对这些材料进行了表征。结果发现,通过调控CeO₂晶格中Mg的含量,可以调控所制备的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂催化材料的粒径、比表面积、表面缺陷等。其中Ce_0.90Mg_0.10O₂展现了最佳的表面性质,具有最小的平均粒径(约5.8 nm),最大的比表面积(约136 m2·g^-1)以及最高的表面氧含量(31.98%)。将Ce_1-xMg_xO₂催化材料涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上制成整体催化剂,考察其对CO₂和CH₃OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。在140℃、2.4 MPa、反应2 h的条件下,Ce_0.90Mg_0.10O₂整体催化剂上碳酸二甲酯的收率高达20.21%,催化效果明显优于CeO₂和其余的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂(x=0.05、0.15、0.20)催化材料。     

Preparation and Properties of Poly（ether ether ketone）/Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene Janus Composite Separator北大核心CSCD

Lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）have attracted wide attention because of their broad prospects in electric vehicles. However,the safety problems and low multiplier performance of the commercial polyolefin separator limit their further development,due to the poor dimensional thermal stability and low electrolyte absorption rate. Poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK）and carbon nanotube（CNT）are compounded to coat on polypropylene （PP） to prepare Janus composite separator （PP@C） through the phase inversion method. PP@C composite separator does not deform at 180 ℃ for 0. 5 h（only slight deformation）,illustrating excellent thermal stability. The electrolyte absorption rate of PP@C2 is 193. 8%. The electrolyte uptake rate of the PP@C2 composite membrane was 193. 8%,which was 64. 5% higher than the PP membrane,showing a superduper electrolyte permeability. As a result,the specific discharge capacity of LIBs assembled with PP@C2 composite separator is 157. 6 mA·h/g at 0. 2 C and 129. 8 mA·h/g at 2 C,showing good rate performance with the capacity recovery rate of more than 99%. This might be attributed to the ultra-high thermal stability of PEEK,the good affinity of the electrolyte,the high conductivity of CNT,as well as the uniform dispersion of Li+ ,so that the separator can have excellent electrochemical performance while improving safety. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

高含量钒的钼钒磷杂多化合物的合成和性质研究

本工作改进了文献[4]报导的几种原料同时混合、加热煮沸合成的方法采用分步加入原料,控制反应温度、多次重结晶的方法合成了6、7、8个钒原子取代的钼钒磷杂多酸铵;并以铵盐为原料,用离子交换、冷冻分离和真空抽吸相结合的提纯方法制备了未见文献报导的相应的固体杂多酸;H₅[PMo₅V₇O_37.5]·xH₂O,H₆[PMo₄V₈O_37.5]·xH₂O。通过元素组成分析确定了它们的组成。这些杂多酸在水溶液、非水溶液中的电位滴定表明,杂多阴离子在分解前没有发生自电离、水解等情况,它们在水溶液中是稳定的。酸的碱度分别为5、5、6。通过纸上色谱实验,讨论了杂多酸的分解过程。由热重分析和溶解性实验得到它们的分解温度,本文还讨论了这些化合物的红外、紫外光谱,x光粉末衍射及极谱性质。光谱结果表明,它们可能具有Keggin结构,由导数脉冲极谱得到它们的峰电位。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱 (HR-ICP-MS)法测定煤炭中35种痕量金属元素

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱可以区分干扰元素和目标元素微弱的质量数差别,能解决大多数多原子、氧化物干扰问题,在煤炭痕量元素分析领域受到关注,但煤炭样品中痕量金属元素尤其是稀土元素受到的质谱干扰挑战未被系统地报道.采用HNO3-HF混酸微波消解煤炭样品,优化了消解时间、赶酸、复溶等前处理条件,研究了煤炭中V、Cr、Mn、C...     

新工科背景下高分子材料类人才创新创业能力培养的改革与实践

近年来随着双一流建设的不断发展,高校更加注重对大学生创新创业能力的培养.本文基于新工科建设和工程教育专业认证的要求,以四川大学高分子材料与工程专业为例,通过构建分阶段分层次的培养步骤、全面实施"一条龙、全过程"本科生导师制、打造"本研协同"的专业培养模式以及加强实践能力培养,论述了高分子材料与工程专业学生创新创业能力的...     

卤素原子对卤氧化铋(BiOX,X=Cl、Br、I)光催化性能的影响

利用水热法和溶剂热法制备了BiOCl、BiOBr和BiOI三种光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、光电流密度与UV-vis DRS表征了光催化剂的晶体结构、表面形貌与光电性能,DFT计算结果表明,随着卤素原子序数升高,光催化剂导带附近的费米能级的分散度降低,禁带宽度变小.在可见光照射下,通过水溶液中罗丹明B的降解效果来评价光...     

进气道旋流畸变地面模拟与测量试验

基于飞行试验的应用特点,提出了进气道旋流畸变测试方法和评定指标,以某发动机试车台为试验平台,搭建了旋流模拟与测量系统,进行了整体涡旋流、对涡旋流、局部涡旋流的模拟与测量试验,验证了旋流模拟、测量方法与评价指标的有效性.建立三维数值模型进行了相应工况数值计算,并将试验结果和数值计算结果进行分析对比,发现结果吻合良好,误差...