基于拉曼光谱结合CNN-LSTM深度学习方法的铁皮石斛总黄酮含量快速检测研究

铁皮石斛具有很高的商业价值和营养价值,将云南文山、广西金秀、安徽霍山、浙江台州四个产地共130个样品作为研究样本,在785 nm激光下利用便携式拉曼光谱仪获得了铁皮石斛拉曼光谱,采用NaNO₂-Al(NO₃)₃-NaOH比色法测定铁皮石斛总黄酮含量。以每条经过归一化后的拉曼光谱数据作为输入,利用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑(SG平滑)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)等不同预处理方法对光谱数据进行处理,以偏最小二乘(PLS)、支持向量机(SVM)和卷积神经网络-长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-LSTM)模型作为比较,竞争自适应重加权采样(CARS)作为波长选择方法,对不同的机器学习模型进行比较研究。采用以下预测质量指标：校正集、测试集相关系数(R_c、R_p),校正集、测试集均方根误差(RMSEC、 RMSEP),评价铁皮石斛总黄酮含量预测模型的性能。结果表明：光谱在经过SNV预处理之后,CNN-LSTM方法预测铁皮石斛总黄酮含量准确率最高,R_c     

高灰分碳颗粒燃烧的数学求解

一、引言 我国煤炭资源十分丰富,但在其储量中,劣质煤占有相当大的比例。如何有效地利用这部分能源,是燃烧科学技术的一个重要课题。随着燃烧科学技术的发展,人们越来越多地利用劣质煤来提供生产和生活所需要的能源,但尚有许多问题需要进一步研究解决。劣质煤中常含有较多的灰份,使得着火、燃烧及燃尽更为困难。所以,对高灰份劣质煤粉(碳)颗粒燃烧问题进行研究,具有重要意义。本文从分析高灰份劣质煤(碳)颗粒的燃烧过程和多相反应系统的守恒方程出发,建立了物理模型和数学模型,并对数学模型进行了求解,通过计算分析,得到了一些结论。     

建模抓本质迁移速解题

模型的建立对高中物理题目的求解至关重要;而学习迁移是指一种学习对另一种学习的影响,也是利用已有的知识经验不断地获得新知识和技能的过程.新知识技能的获得能不断地使已有的知识经验得到扩充和丰富,这就是我们常说的"举一反三""触类旁通"^[1].我们在求解物理问题时往往是将实际问题进行简化,抽象成一个容易求解的物理题解模型,熟练地运用题解模型可以大幅度提高解题效率.我们将在这篇文章中用求解物理习题的方式,对怎样更好地运用物理题解模型解题,以及知识的迁移,总结规律,提升解题速度做进一步的探究.     

Near-field lithography on the azobenzene polymer liquid crystal films

In this article, we reported near-field research on azobenzene polymer liquid crystal films using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Optical writing and subsequently topographic reading of the patterns with subwavelength resolution were carried out in our experiments. Nanometer scale dots and lines were successfully fabricated on the films and the smallest dot diameter is about 120 nm. The width of the line fabricated is about 250 nm. This method is also a choice for nanolithography. The mechanism of the surface deformation on the polymer films was briefly analyzed from the viewpoint of gradient force in the optical near field. The intensity distribution of the electric field near the tip aperture was numerically simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the numerical simulation results were consistent with the experimental results.     

Six-Fold Degenerate Dark States in a Four-Level Atomic System

With all driving fields on Raman resonance, a tripod-type atomic system quickly evolves into a dark state decoupled from the lossy excited level. The dark state depends strongly on field Rabi frequencies, spontaneous decay rates, and the initial atomic population in a complicated way. Analytical results reveal that it is a sixfold degenerate dark state with its three components superposed both coherently and incoherently due to population redistribution from spontaneous emission.     

壳聚糖的化学改性及其谱学研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)与硫氰酸铵和氯乙酸反应,合成了带有硫脲基和羧基双官能团的中间产物,再经戊二醛交联,制备了水不溶性的可用于处理含金属废水的颗粒状树脂.用FT-IR进行了表征,表明-HN-C(S)-NH-CH2-COOH基团接枝到CTS链上并形成交联.吸附实验表明,该树脂对Cd2 的吸附量(2.248mmol·g-1)比Mg2 (1.035mm0l·g-1)高得多.再生3次后的树脂仍然具有良好的吸附性能.     

Epidemic Dynamics with Feedback Mechanism in Exponential Networks

We introduce a feedback mechanism to study the spreading of an epidemic by analytical methods and large scale simulations in exponential networks. It is found that introducing the feedback mechanism can reduce the density of infected individuals, Furthermore, it does not change the epidemic threshold （critical point） λc. These results can help us to understand epidemic spreading phenomena on social networks more practically and design appropriate strategies to control social infections.     

Relaxor Behaviour and Ferroelectric Properties of （Li0.12Na0.88） （Nb0.9-xWa0.10Sbx）O3 Lead-Free Ceramics

New lead-free ceramics （Lio.12Na0.88） （Nbo.9-x Ta0.10 Sbx） 03 （0.01 × 0.06） are synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics are studied. The dielectric constant dependence with temperature and frequency of the ceramic specimen with x = 0.04 shows typical characteristics of relaxor ferroelectrics, and the Vogel-Fulcher relationship is fulfilled. The dielectric behaviour and its relation to the phase transition phenomena are discussed. The polarization hysteresis loops at room temperature are also measured.     

Stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain Roesser-type discrete-time two-dimensional systems

We study the stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain discrete-time two-dimensional(2D) systems.The mathematical model of the discrete-time 2D system is established upon the well-known Roesser model,and the uncertainty phenomenon,which appears typically in practical environments,is modeled by a convex bounded(polytope type) uncertain domain.The stability analysis and control synthesis of uncertain discrete-time 2D systems are then developed by applying the Lyapunov stability theory.In the processes of stability analysis and control synthesis,the obtained stability/stabilzaition conditions become less conservative by applying some novel relaxed techniques.Moreover,the obtained results are formulated in the form of linear matrix inequalities,which can be easily solved via standard numerical software.Finally,numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.     

有机电致发光器件量子效率测量系统的建立及其应用研究

有机电致发光器件（OLED）的量子效率是衡量器件发光性能的一个非常重要的参数，考虑到提高OLED量子效应的基本前提是能精确测得器件的量子效率。本文工作采用美国Keithley公司的系列产品，设计与组建了一套精确测量OLED量子效率的测量系统（主要由真空系统和测试系统组成）。应用本系统测量时，由测量软件通过数据采集卡来实时地对K－2400（稳压源）和K－485（微检流计）进行控制，得到流经器件的电流和器件输的光电流，再经过换算得出注入器件的电子数和从器件输出的光子数，从而能够得到器件的量子效率值，最后由计算机动态地绘制出器件的性能曲线。此外，我们还利用本测量系统对以MEH－PPV为基质的橙红色OLED进行测量，该测试样品在0.0117A/cm^2的电流密度下，测量量子效率为0．39％。