纳米ZnO和ZnO∶Eu3+的表面效应及发光特性

纳米ZnO,ZnO:Eu3+及其添加覆盖层样品的光谱性质表明,表面有机物覆盖层具有改善发射光谱,增强基质与Eu3+间能量传递的良好效果.通过比较不同温度(60,800℃)处理的ZnO:Eu3+发光强度,发现了小尺度(纳米)颗粒的特殊发光行为 关键词： ZnO 表面覆盖层 Eu掺杂     

氧化锌纳米线耦合硅金字塔微纳复合结构的制备及其自清洁特性研究

光伏器件粉尘堆积伴随的遮光效应极其严重,可导致太阳能电池的光电转换效率降低一半以上,这是任何其他提高光伏器件性能的高新技术所不能弥补的.本文根据Cassie-Baxter理论构建出一种基于光伏器件应用的超疏水自清洁微纳复合结构,即氧化锌纳米线耦合硅金字塔.通过调控硅金字塔的尺寸和均匀性,使其尺寸效应不被遮盖以符合存在微米构型的疏水要求,同时尽量不破坏硅光伏器件绒面的减反性能.本文采用水热法在金字塔表面生长氧化锌纳米线的方案,通过系统的实验设计,首次成功地制备了符合光伏器件应用的接触角高达154?,且接触角滞后小于10?的超疏水自清洁微纳复合结构.此外,我们不仅发现硅金字塔的刻蚀存在"高温促进硅金字塔刻蚀"的温度效应和硅金字塔顶部有"圆润-方正-圆润"的时间效应,还从物理上对高温促进刻蚀、晶体的各向异性刻蚀导致的硅金字塔和我们所制备的氧化锌纳米线耦合硅金字塔复合结构的陷光效应等进行了比较充分的分析.     

Superhydrophobic surfaces via controlling the morphology of ZnO micro/nano complex structure

ZnO micro/nano complex structure films, including reticulate papillary nodes, petal-like and flake-hole, have been self-assembled by a hydrothermal technique at different temperatures without metal catalysts. The wettability of the above film surfaces was modified with a simple coating of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane in toluene. After modifying, the surface of ZnO film grown at 50~${^\circ}$C was converted from superhydrophilic with a water contact angle lower than 5$^{\circ}$ to superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 165$^{\circ}$. Additionally, the surface of reticulate papillary nodes ZnO film grown at 100~${^\circ}$C had excellent superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 173$^{\circ}$ and a sliding angle lower than 2$^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the water contact angle on the surface of petal-like and flake-hole ZnO films grown at 150~${^\circ}$C and 200~${^\circ}$C were found to be 140$^{\circ}$ and 120$^{\circ}$, respectively. The wettability for the samples was found to depend strongly on the surface morphology which results from the growth temperature.     

Nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in all-inorganic,hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells

All-inorganic, hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cells have great potential for development, but their device performance needs to be further improved. Recently, metal nanostructures have been successfully applied in the field of solar cells to improve their performance. Nano Ag-enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) in one CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cell utilizing localized surface plasmons of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface has been researched experimentally and by simulation in this paper. The localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs has a near-field enhancement effect, which is expected to improve the light absorption of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite photovoltaic devices. In addition, Ag NPs have a forward-scattering effect on the incident light, which can also improve the performance of CsPbIBr₂-based perovskite photovoltaic devices. By directly assembling Ag NPs (with a size of about 150 nm) on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide it is found when the particle surface coverage is 10%, the CsPbIBr₂ perovskite photovoltaic device achieves a best PCE of 2.7%, which is 9.76% higher than that of the control group. Without changing any existing structure in the ready-made solar cell, this facile and efficient method has huge applications. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report on nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in this kind of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cell.     

用电泳法制备ZnxMg1-xO薄膜及其特性研究

用电泳法制备了一系列ZnxMg1-xO薄膜. 对ZnxMg1-xO薄膜的光致发光研究表明，在薄膜发射谱的紫外区域有两个显著的峰，分别对应自由激子和激子间碰撞的发光. 在可见光区域，发射谱的强度基本保持恒定，没有发现通常报道的绿光发射，说明生长的薄膜中氧与其他元素保持很好的 化学配比，抑制了基于氧空位的绿带发射机理. 另一方面，薄膜成分中Mg含量的变化和退火 温度的变化对薄膜的发射谱有显著的影响，表现在ZnxMg1-xO的紫 外发射峰随Mg含量的增加向短波方向移动，同时峰强度随退火温度的升高显著增加. 关键词： 发射谱 x射线衍射 电泳法 ZnMgO薄膜     

Si衬底电沉积制备ZnO及其特性研究

采用不同浓度的ZnCl2的非水二甲基亚砜溶液做电解液,用阴极电沉积法在Si衬底上制备出了一系列的ZnO薄膜。实验发现ZnCl2的浓度对ZnO薄膜的结构和光学性质有着重要的影响。薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)表明ZnCl2浓度较低时,ZnO的特征峰被衬底Si的衍射峰掩盖而较弱,当ZnCl2浓度为0.05mol/L时ZnO的特征峰非常明显。随着ZnCl2浓度的减小,薄膜的光致发光的发射谱变好,当ZnCl2溶液浓度为0.01mol/L时光学性能最好,此时出现两个峰,分别对应紫峰和绿峰。同时研究了沉积时间和退火对薄膜的光学性能的影响。     

ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic film prepared bythree-step method

<正>The hydrophobicity of the lotus leaf is mainly due to its surface micro—nano composite structure.In order to mimic the lotus structure,ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic films were prepared via the three-step method.On thin buffer films of SiO₂,which were first fabricated on glass substrates by the sol—gel dip-coating method,a ZnO seed layer was deposited via RF magnetron sputtering.Then two different ZnO films,micro-nano and micro-only flowerlike structures,were grown by the hydrothermal method.The prepared films have different hydrophobic properties after surface modification.The structures of the obtained ZnO films were characterized using x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy.A conclusion that a micro-nano composite structure is more beneficial to hydrophobicity than a micro-only structure was obtained through research into the effect of structure on hydrophobic properties.     

单原子层FeS半导体纳米片及其光催化还原二氧化碳应用

采用简单的溶剂热法制备了厚度约为1.16 nm单层超薄FeS纳米片,其具有涵盖从近紫外至近红外的太阳光谱波段的优异光学吸收性能和干净均一的表面,显微图像显示其具有超薄的片状结构,晶面结构清晰,物相测定证实合成的超薄FeS纳米片为单硫铁矿相,物性测定及理论计算显示超薄FeS纳米片具有半导体的电子能带结构,电子迁移率高,全光谱光催化CO₂还原到CO的产率约为260μmol·g^-1·h^-1,且具有很好的光催化稳定性,该研究为地球储量丰富的铁基材料应用于能源转化领域提供了可行的方向.     

Microstructure of Au Film Prepared by Maguetron Sputtering Deposition

We study the formation of microstructure of gold films that generally undergo three processes: nucleation and nuclear growth, normal grain growth, and abnormal grain growth. Here the grains grow as a column in the normal grain growth process. When the grain size becomes larger than and comparable to the film thickness, the grains with favourable orientation will grow at the expense of the grains with unfavourable orientation. leading to abnormal grain growth. The abnormal grains grow along the favoured orientation (111). which has been certified by x-ray diffraction spectoscopy. Finally, the processes of the normal and abnormal grain growth are fitted using the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wanger theory.     

大学物理实验课教学探讨

大学开设物理实验课的目的,是培养学生对物理现象进行观察和分析的能力。通过实验传授一些常用的实验方法和技能,介绍一些相关仪器的原理和操作,让学生学会相互协作和正确对待实验结果,从而使同学正确观测分析实验现象、处理实验数据、总结物理规律,培养他们对物理实验的兴趣。