基于功耗最优的半履带气垫车模糊PID控制仿真

在分析半履带气垫车行驶阻力的基础上,分别对其垫升功率和驱动功率进行了研究,建立了总功率消耗最小化的理论模型,以检验车辆参数和载荷分配对总功率消耗的影响.提出了自适应模糊PID控制方案,以保证气垫车能够稳定地运行并实现总功率损耗最小.采用MATLAB/Simulink软件对所设计的控制系统进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,对于给定的车辆参数和土壤条件,采用自适应模糊PID控制器能够使半履带气垫车稳定行驶在最佳工作状态.该研究结果为半履带气垫车控制系统的设计提供了理论指导.     

阻塞高压形成机制的数值研究

本文对强迫耗散KDV方程实施数值积分。结果表明:从高指数环流转换力阻塞流型约需10天;在阻塞流型形成和维持的过程中,热力强迫与耗散、非线性平流、线性频散三者的作用同样重要,它们是形成阻塞流型的三类本质性因子。     

氢退火对LPCVD生长的ZnO薄膜光学和电学性能的影响

采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)在玻璃衬底上制备了B掺杂ZnO(BZO)薄膜,研究了氢气气氛退火对BZO薄膜光学性能和电学性能的影响。结果表明:在氢气气氛下退火后,BZO薄膜的物相结构和透光率基本无变化,但BZO薄膜的导电能力却明显提高。Hall测试结果表明:在氢气下退火时载流子浓度基本保持不变,但迁移率却明显提高。实验结果可为进一步提高BZO薄膜的光学电学综合性能提供借鉴。     

涡旋轴对称化的分形维数表征

涡旋轴对称化是影响热带气旋预报的重要动力学过程．截止目前的研究,均用等值线图形主观识别涡旋轴对称化．本文用一个准地转无幅散的正压涡度方程模式,数值积分48h,模拟了初始非轴对称涡旋演变为轴对称涡旋的轴对称化过程．根据模式输出数据,计算了逐时涡旋外缘线的分形维数DB,用分形维数DB的逐时变化客观表征涡旋轴对称化．在此基础上,计算了分形维数De与热带气旋尺度参数R。和热带气旋强度参数Vmax的相关系数．结果显示,DB与Rm的相关系数为-0．70,DB与Kmax的相关系数为-0．75,相关均显著．用此途径,客观表征了涡旋轴对称化与热带气旋参数的联系．结果在热带气旋预报中有应用前景．     

Statistical characteristics of meso-scale vortex effects on the track of a tropical cyclone

This paper examines initial meso-scale vortex effects on the motion of a tropical cyclone (TC) in a system where coexisting two components of TC and meso-scale vortices with a barotropic vorticity equation model. The initial meso-scale vortices are generated stochastically by employing Reinaud’s method. The 62 simulations are performed and analysed in order to understand the statistical characteristics of the effects. Results show that the deflection of the TC track at t=24 h induced by the initial meso-scale vortices ranges from 2km to 37 km with the mean value of 13.4 km. A more significant deflection of the TC track can be reduced when several initial meso-scale vortices simultaneously appear in a smaller TC circulation area. It ranges from 22 km to 37 km with the mean value of 28 km,this fact implies that the initial meso-scale vortices-induced deflection may not be neglected sometimes.     

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF BLOCKING HIGH FORMATION

Numerical integration is performed of the KDV equation of the forced dissipation with the result that it takes about 10 days to transform a high-index circulation into a blocking pattern, in whose establishment and maintenance the thermal forcing and dissipation, nonlinoear advection, and linear dispersion are equally important and serve as three factors of essentiality.     

地形对涡旋Rossby波影响的研究

用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式,分析了中尺度理想地形面上空涡旋Rossby波(VRW)的传播问题.指出,地形对VRW的传播速度,台风中心位置及台风内区的非对称结构均构成影响.据此,提出了地形涡旋Rossby波的新概念.与无地形试验相比,南(北)坡地形条件下,台风中心向偏西南(东北)方向移动.南坡、北坡地形VRW引起的台风内区非对称结构的特征正好相反,形成了两类截然不同的内区非对称结构.     

半履带气垫车滑转率控制仿真

在分析半履带气垫车所受土壤力的基础上,建立了牵引效率和总功耗的理论模型,讨论了滑转率同牵引效率和总功耗的关系.在起步加速和匀速直线行驶情况下,分别以牵引效率最大和总功耗最小为控制目标,设计了带模糊PID控制器的滑转率控制系统,通过调节履带驱动轮的输入转矩保证控制目标的实现.采用MATLAB/Simulink软件对所设计的控制系统进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,对于给定的车辆参数和土壤条件,采用带模糊PID控制器的滑转率控制系统能够使半履带气垫车稳定行驶在最佳工作状态.该研究结果为半履带气垫车控制系统的设计提供了理论指导.     

平衡态向周期态的分支和副热带流型的两类低频振荡

本文在低谱途径的非绝热项中,引进对流凝结加热参数化,用以估计湿过程对平衡态向周期态分支的影响。在一定的参数集合,牛顿加热形式的强迫下,不能激发出周期态分支;但含有对流凝结加热的非绝热强迫,却可以激发出时间尺度以2—3周为主的周期态分支。对流凝结加热并使周期态分支运动的时间尺度缩短,振幅增长加快。对流上层副热带气压分布均匀的基态失稳,可形成两种类型的低频振荡。一类是高压中心的东西振荡;另一类是高压中心强度的低频振荡。这时,高压中心位置呈准定常状态。对流凝结加热对这两类低频振荡均具有一定的影响能力。     

EFFECTS OF MOIST PROCESS ON SUBTROPICAL FLOW PATTERNS AND MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUM STATES

A low-order general circulation moisture model is presented, and some experiments with it are described. The model is based on the quasi-geostrophic motion in the β-plane of two layers with landsea distribution. As proposed by Lorenz, the moisture variable in the model is the total dewpoint. Modeled processes consist of evaporation, precipitation, and the effects of clouds and water vapor on radiation.Results of the experiments with the model show that the moisture process enhances subtropical highs significantly and the meridional development of flow. It can also reproduce the hi-equilibrium states in certain parametric combinations, which is similar to the observational fact about the "Eastern pattern" and the "Western pattern" circulations in the subtropical areas during the summer half year.