划时代的贡献——麦克斯韦的电磁场理论

正2015年距离阿拉伯学者海什木的5卷本光学著作诞生恰好1000年。为了纪念千年来人类在光学领域的重大发现,尤其是光技术在世界各国的能源、工农业生产和医疗卫生等领域中所占的举足轻重的地位,联合国大会决定把2015年确立为"光和光基技术国     

一种匀光鳞甲反射罩设计

在灯具设计中,特别是开发投光灯、轨道灯等类型灯具时,经常会遇到系列化设计问题。在不修改基本外形结构的情况下,要想获得不同发光角度、照度均匀,提出了一种通过鳞甲片改变出光角度的反射罩设计方案,包括鳞片参数的计算、基面合理分隔方法、实际仿真模拟。最终给出同样基面,发散角(FWHM)为20°、40°、60°,光能利用率均达到75%,匀光效果85%左右的设计结果,证明该设计方法可行性。     

复合材料层板疲劳损伤加载次序效应研究

从能量耗散的角度出发，建立了一种以有效循环滞回能为基础的非线性疲劳损伤累积法则，并从理论和实验两方面证明了该法则能够正确反映载荷次序效应     

PLASTIC POST－BUCKLING OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED COLUMN WITH A SOLID RECTANGULAR CROSS－SECTION

ＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＰＯＳＴ－ＢＵＣＫＬＩＮＧＯＦＡＳＩＭＰＬＹＳＵＰＰＯＲＴＥＤＣＯＬＵＭＮＷＩＴＨＡＳＯＬＩＤＲＥＣＴＡＮＧＵＬＡＲＣＲＯＳＳ－ＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＣｈｅｎｇＹａｏｓｈｕｎ（程尧舜）（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎ...     

云纹图应变分析的计算机处理

本文将大变形理论用于云纹法的应变分析中,采用二维样条函数插值、拟合位移的分布,计算了应变张量的分布。用张力样条函数绘制了它们的等值线图。对非矩形域塑性成形问题,采用扩展延伸成为矩形域的方法进行处理,获得满意结果。     

用光弹塑性方法研讨冲载工艺问题

本文采用聚碳酸酯板材,运用对比法对冲裁工艺中的冲裁力与间隙;工件塑性变形的形成和发展;宏观裂纹的形成和扩展,进行光弹塑性探究。给出了弹性变形阶段冲裁力与间隙的关系曲线以及两种孔径d和板高h与冲裁力的关系曲线,并对塑性变形后出现的现象作了定性分析。     

子午线轮胎接触变形的结构有限元分析

针对195／60R14子午线轮胎建立了三维非线性有限元模型，着重研究了额定充气压力及静载荷作用下帘线承受拉应力和剪应力的基本特征。计算结果表明，接地区域摩擦力呈斜对称分布，反映了轮胎中帘线-橡胶复合材料存在变形耦合效应；冠带层、带束层、胎体帘线应力分布较为复杂，载荷变化对其应力水平和分布影响较大；在胎肩部位应力较高，且随载荷变化局部帘线应力变化剧烈，在承受交变载荷时，易形成层间剥落。分析结果有助于预测轮胎的使用性能，可以针对性地应用于因轮胎结构设计引起的质量损坏，某些对轮胎使用性能不利的受力状态可通过结构的优化设计来克服。     

冲击下两种正交异性材料界面上的扩展裂纹问题

本文给出了正交异性体反平面问题波动方程的函数不变解。基于这个解,文中导出了具有任意自相似指数的正交异性体反平面弹性动力学问题的一般解。变量t的任意连续函数在任意闭域中都可以用t0ln的多项式来一致地逼近。利用复变函数理论,我们将不同正交异性材料界面上受t0ln型及1（l）型载荷作用的扩展裂纹问题化为解析函数论中的Keldysh-Sedov混合问题。并给出了这类问题的闭合解。     

First-principles study of the electronic structure and optical properties of cubic Perovskite NaMgF_3

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of cubic perovskite NaMgF3 are calculated by plane-wave pseudopo- tential density functional theory. The calculated lattice constant a0, bulk modulus B0, and the derivative of bulk modulus B~ are 3.872/~, 78.2 GPa, and 3.97, respectively. The results are in good agreement with the available experimental and theo- retical values. The electronic structure shows that cubic NaMgF3 is an indirect insulator with a wide forbidden band gap of Eg = 5.90 eV. The contribution of the different bands is analyzed by total and partial density of states curves. Population analysis of NaMgF3 indicates that there is strong ionic bonding in the MgF2 unit, and a mixture of ionic and weak covalent bonding in the NaF unit. Calculations of dielectric function, absorption coefficient, refractive index, electronic energy loss spectroscopy, optical reflectivity, and conductivity are also performed in the energy range 0 to 70 eV.     

Output power analyses for the thermodynamic cycles of thermal power plants

Thermal power plant is one of the important thermodynamic devices, which is very common in all kinds of power generation systems. In this paper, we use a new concept, entransy loss, as well as exergy destruction, to analyze the single reheating Rankine cycle unit and the single stage steam extraction regenerative Rankine cycle unit in power plants. This is the first time that the concept of entransy loss is applied to the analysis of the power plant Rankine cycles with reheating and steam extraction regeneration. In order to obtain the maximum output power, the operating conditions under variant vapor mass flow rates are optimized numerically, as well as the combustion temperatures and the off-design flow rates of the flue gas. The relationship between the output power and the exergy destruction rate and that between the output power and the entransy loss rate are discussed. It is found that both the minimum exergy destruction rate and the maximum entransy loss rate lead to the maximum output power when the combustion temperature and heat capacity flow rate of the flue gas are prescribed. Unlike the minimum exergy destruction rate, the maximum entransy loss rate is related to the maximum output power when the highest temperature and heat capacity flow rate of the flue gas are not prescribed.