杀鲑气单胞菌溶血素和菌毛蛋白的重组表达及其免疫保护效果研究

为探究杀鲑气单胞菌溶血素和菌毛蛋白能否作为亚单位疫苗候选抗原,本研究针对前期分离的杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种(Aeromonas salmonicida subsp.masoucida, ASM),利用原核表达系统对其进行重组表达,免疫虹鳟后检测其免疫保护效果与诱导的免疫应答特征。Western-blotting结果显示,虹鳟抗灭活ASM血清可与2种重组蛋白发生阳性反应,说明其具有较好的免疫原性。免疫保护实验结果显示,重组溶血素、重组菌毛蛋白及两者混合物免疫对虹鳟的相对免疫保护率(Relative Percentage Survival, RPS)分别为64.6%、37.5%和75.0%;ELISA检测发现,重组溶血素和重组菌毛蛋白单独免疫以及两者混合免疫均能有效诱导虹鳟产生抗各抗原的特异性抗体,在免疫2周后特异性抗体水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中混合免疫组虹鳟血清中抗重组溶血素抗体水平显著高于重组溶血素单独免疫组,但其诱导产生的抗重组菌毛蛋白抗体水平与重组菌毛蛋白单独免疫组无显著性差异;荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,3个免疫组中IL-6、IL-8、TCR及CD4基因的表达水平均显著高于PBS对照组,其中重组溶血素与重组菌毛蛋白共免疫组中IL-6、CD4、MHC-Ⅱ及IgM基因表达水平显著高于其他免疫组。研究结果表明,重组溶血素对虹鳟具有较好的免疫保护效果,且提示重组菌毛蛋白具有开发成为佐剂分子的潜在价值,该结果可为杀鲑气单胞菌亚单位疫苗的研制及应用提供了重要参考。     

Bio-macromolecular dynamic structures and functions,illustrated with DNA,antibody, and lipoprotein

Bio-macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, are the basic materials that perform fundamental activities required for life. Their structural heterogeneities and dynamic personalities are vital to understand the underlying functional mechanisms of bio-macromolecules. With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as single-molecule technologies and cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM), an increasing number of their structural details and mechanics properties at molecular level have significantly raised awareness of basic life processes. In this review, firstly the basic principles of single-molecule method and cryo-EM are summarized, to shine a light on the development in these fields. Secondly, recent progress driven by the above two methods are underway to explore the dynamic structures and functions of DNA, antibody,and lipoprotein. Finally, an outlook is provided for the further research on both the dynamic structures and functions of bio-macromolecules, through single-molecule method and cryo-EM combining with molecular dynamics simulations.     

Mechanical design and analysis of a low beta squeezed half-wave resonator

A superconducting squeezed type half-wave resonator （HWR） of β=0.09 has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou. In this paper, a basic design is presented for the stiffening structure for the detuning effect caused by helium pressure and Lorentz force. The mechanical modal analysis has been investigated the with finite element method （FEM）. Based on these considerations, a new stiffening structure is proposed for the HWR cavity. The computation results concerning the frequency shift show that the low beta HWR cavity with new stiffening structure has low frequency sensitivity coefficient df/dp and Lorentz force detuning coefficient KL, and stable mechanical properties.     

Visible-light Driven Photocatalysts: Al-, Ga-, and In-doped Monoclinic BiVO_4

The first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the stability, band structure, density of states and redox potential of Al-, Ga-, and In-doped monoclinic BiVO4（mBiVO4）. The calculated formation energies show that Al-doped mBiVO4 inducing an O vacancy is energetically favorable with a smaller defect formation value. With the incorporation of Al, Ga, and In, the band gap of the doped systems will be narrowed in the order of Al-doped 〈 Ga-doped 〈 In-doped mBiVO4, which is beneficial for the response to the visible light. And the substitution of an Al or Ga for a V atom will significantly enhance the reducibility of mBiVO4, improving the efficiency of H2 evolution from H2 O. Our results show that the photocatalytic activity of mBiVO4 can be modulated by substitutional doping of Al, Ga, and In.     

磁控溅射制备的含He纳米晶铜膜的微结构分析

采用直流磁控溅射法,在不同的He/Ar混合气氛下,制备了不同He含量的铜膜.利用弹性反冲探测（ERD）方法探测了铜膜中氦的含量和深度分布,实验发现引入铜膜中的氦深度分布较均匀;并本文采用X射线衍射（XRD）分析了铜膜中氦的微结构,实验结果表明随着铜膜中氦含量的逐渐增加,对应Cu（111）晶面的峰强也有所增强;最后应用了慢正电子束分析（SPBA）技术测量了不同含氦铜膜的缺陷结构,随着铜膜中氦的增加,S参数会发生相应的变化.     

一种水产弧菌快速药敏检测方法的建立

【目的】实现弧菌药物敏感性的现场快速检测。【方法】以副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌及灿烂弧菌3种弧菌为试验菌株,在Mueller-Hinton(MH)培养基基础上通过添加鱼肉蛋白胨及调节无机盐离子浓度,优选弧菌的增菌液。同时利用阿尔玛蓝作为颜色指示剂,选择11种水产常见药物并设置8个倍比稀释的浓度梯度,结合运用海藻糖作为包被保护剂,制备弧菌快速药敏检测微孔板,板内设有药敏检测区、生长对照区及质控区。【结果】利用药敏微孔板法及传统的试管稀释法分别对副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌及灿烂弧菌进行药敏检测,结果显示微孔板法测定的所有药物对3种弧菌的MIC值与试管稀释法完全吻合。【结论】本研究建立的药敏微孔板法能够实现对3种弧菌药敏特性的快速、简便、准确检测,研究结果将为水产病原微生物的现场快速选药技术提供重要参考。     

乳酸菌USTB--08的高效培养和生产乳酸

在成功筛选出一株高产乳酸的乳酸菌USTB--08基础上,分别采用批量和补料发酵培养,通过改变碳源、氮源、碳氮比、温度和pH值等研究了乳酸菌USTB--08生长和产乳酸的优化控制条件.采用蔗糖和酵母膏作为唯一碳源和氮源（碳氮质量比为5∶1）、温度35℃、接种量1.0%及初始pH 6.50是提高乳酸菌生长的优化参数.进一步在50L全自控发酵罐中,采用质量分数为10%氢氧化钠和25%蔗糖混合溶液作为控制pH值和碳源补料的流加液,在pH 6.00～7.00范围内,恒定控制pH 6.50获得了最大的乳酸菌生物量（OD680nm 13.2）,而恒定控制pH 7.00则获得了最高的乳酸含量（28.0 g.L-1）.本研究首次采用控制pH值与流加蔗糖同步进行的培养方式,获得了高细胞浓度的乳酸菌和高质量浓度的乳酸.     

益生菌制剂对虹鳟血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

本文研究了饲料中添加益生菌制剂(丁酸梭菌、凝结芽孢杆菌)对虹鳟血清生化指标、非特异性免疫功能以及抗病力的影响,结果表明：不同单一益生菌制剂、复合益生菌制剂均能提高虹鳟血清总蛋白及葡萄糖含量(P0.05),降低胆固醇、甘油三酯含量(P0.05);复合益生菌制剂可显著提高虹鳟血清ACP、T-AOC、CAT、SOD活性,降低MDA含量,且凝结芽孢杆菌T2比丁酸梭菌T1效果好(P0.05);复合益生菌制剂显著提高了虹鳟血清补体C3含量,间接提高机体非特异性免疫功能;益生菌制剂提高了虹鳟机体的抗病力,其中复合益生菌制剂组累积死亡率最低(23.1%,P0.05),免疫保护率最高（66.6%,P0.05). 综上所述,丁酸梭菌和凝结芽孢杆菌均对虹鳟机体免疫功能具有促进作用.     

飞翼布局飞行器电磁散射特性计算研究

飞翼布局是飞行器的重要形式,为研究飞翼布局的电磁散射特性,以美军典型飞翼飞行器B-2、、X-45C、X-47B、X-45A为基础,分别建立了四种不同外形布局特点的电磁分析模型A、B、C、D。基于物理光学法,数值模拟了不同威胁状态的RCS计算曲线,研究了各布局RCS曲线分布特点及其俯仰角、频率响应关系。计算结果表明,沿周向RCS分布与布局结构相关,俯仰角的较小变化对曲线分布形式和幅值影响不大;频率增加时RCS幅值减小,曲线向内收敛,震荡性增加;布局B隐身性能较好,头向30°角域RCS均值在15 GHz为-46.754 d Bsm;由于结构区别,布局C、D、A隐身性能依次降低;总体来看,飞翼布局有较好的隐身性能。     

集成电路光刻工艺虚拟仿真实验教学建设

针对集成电路工艺实验教学中存在的大型设备短缺、 场地经费受限、 实验条件苛刻等问题,提出了搭建具备选课、资源库、答疑室和教学评价等功能的开放式教学管理信息化平台.阐述了集成电路光刻工艺在虚拟仿真技术中的典型应用,充分发挥了虚拟仿真实验的生动、直观、安全等优点,激发了学生学习的积极性和主动性,培养了学生的创新精神和工程实...