3BaO·3B2O3·2GeO2非晶体晶化过程的研究

3BaO·3B₂O₃·2Ge0₂是BaO-B₂O₃-GeO₂三元系中的一个三元化合物。本文用差热分析法对3BaO·3B₂O₃·2GeO₂非晶态晶化过程进行了研究,非晶的晶化温度随颗粒度减小而下降。用等温晶化法和峰值位移法测定了不同颗粒度的晶化激活能,非晶颗粒度越小,晶化激活能越大。 关键词：     

V_2Ga_5的晶体结构

本文利用单晶与粉末衍射方法测定了V_2Ga_5的晶体结构。V_2Ga_5属四方晶系,其单相区约为VGa_2—V_2Ga_5。在18℃的点阵常数是a=8.9540,c=2.6892,每个晶胞含有二个化合式量,空间羣为D_(4h)~5—P4/mbm。V原子与Ga原子分别占据在4(h)与8(i),2(d)的等效位置上。参数为:x_h=0.180与x_i=0.070,y_i=0.210。     

BaB_2O_4低温相单晶体的生长及其相关体系相图的研究

本文用差热分析和X射线衍射等方法研究了BaO-Na_2O-B_2O_3三元系的两个截面:BaB_2O_4-Na_2B_2O_4和BaB_2O_4-Na_2O赝二元系的相平衡关系。BaB_2O_4-Na_2B_2O_4属共晶体系,其共晶温度为826±3℃。在BaB_2O_4-Na_2O体系中发现一个新化合物BaB_2O_4·Na_2O,该化合物在846±3℃同成分熔化。BaB_2O_4·Na_2O对BaB_2O_4和Na_2O均为共晶体系,其共晶温度分别为755±3℃和573±3℃。并根据所得的结果,分别以15mol％Na_2O和13mol％Na_2B_2O_4为助熔剂,用提拉法培养出2×4×6mm~3和2×4×8mm~3的低温相BaB_2O_4单晶体。     

碘酸盐的晶体结构与热力学性质——(Ⅰ)碘酸盐的晶体结构特点

本文根据作者等人的实验结果并结合文献报导的数据,综述了碘酸盐及其复盐的晶体结构特点和分类。对α-LiIO_3,Li_2H(IO_3)3,Mg(IO_3)_2,Mg(IO_3)_2-LiIO_3固溶体,Zn(IO_3)_2等晶体结构变迁的情况进行了分析。阐述了由于空位数量和分布的不同,以及阳离子性质(电价、离子极化能力和离子半径等)的不同,晶格场发生变化,引起了IO_3~-在不同方向和不同程度的移动或转动,因而有可能在不同方向上形成不同程度的各种畸变型结构和超结构。     

从X射线的衍射强度测定晶体的德拜特征温度

本文详尽地讨论了从X射线衍射强度测定均匀的且各向同性的晶体的德拜特征温度的方法。本方法指明:如将所有的计算强度对观察强度之比的自然对数In(I_calc/I_obs)对sin²θ/λ²标绘,则应该得到一条直线,这条直线的斜率为2B。在德拜的比热理论中,B可表示为(6h²T/MkΘ_D²){φ(x)+(x/4)},其中x=Θ_D/T。如使G=BMkT/6h²,则φ(x)+x/4=Gx²,既然已求得了B值,则这个方程式中的G是一个可量度的数。求解这个方程式可用图解法来进行。使y₁=Gx²,而y₂=φ(x)+x/4,则从这两个方程式的标绘可以得到两条曲线,这两条曲线的交点就是所要测定的x值,由x值可确定在测定温度时的特征温度。必须指出,由于Θ_D本身是温度的一个函数,本方法提供了一个在所需要的温度测定德拜特征温度的可能性。 关键词：     

稀土富过渡族金属化合物的形成条件、晶体结构和磁性能(Ⅱ)

稀土(R)富过渡族金属(T)化合物是探索新型稀土永磁材料的主要研究对象,其磁性能与晶体结构密切相关。本文系统综述了我们近年来针对二元化合物不存在的情况下,通过第三组元M的稳定作用,合成和稳定具有CaCu5型衍生结构的化合物Rm-nT5m+2n(包括R(T,M)7,R2(T,M)17,R3(T,M)29和R(T,M)12),具有NaZn13型结构的化合物R(T,M)13,以及m层RT5和n层RT3B2组合的化合物Rm+nT5m+3nB2n等方面的主要研究结果。重点讨论了这些化合物的晶体结构、形成条件和磁性能,阐述了加入M对化合物的稳定作用机制,及M的晶体学占位对磁性能的影响。研究结果表明:M的加入不仅能够起到稳定化合物的作用,往往还可以显著改善化合物的磁性能。     

The crystal structures and physical properties of the solid solution compound Ba₅Y_8-xMn₄O_21-1.5x（x = 0,1）

New oxometallides with the formula Ba5Y8 xMn4O21 1.5x(x = 0,1) are prepared through an atmospherecontrolled solid-state reaction.Two single-phase samples with Ba/Y/Mn atomic ratios 5/8/4(Y8) and 5/7/4(Y7) are obtained.The crystal structures and the physical properties of the compounds are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction,magnetization,conductivity,and dielectricity measurements.The Ba5Y8 xMn4O21 1.5x compound is demonstrated to be a Y-deficient solid solution.The solid solution compound Ba5Y8 xMn4O21 1.5x crystallizes into tetragonal symmetry with the space group I4/m.Detailed structure analysis by Rietveld refinement of the X-ray powder diffraction data reveals that the Y vacancies occur preferentially at the Y(2) site.Thermal magnetization measurements indicate the presence of antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn ions in the compounds,and temperature-dependent resistivity measurements show that insulator-semiconductor transitions occur around 175 K and 170 K for the Y8 and Y7 samples,respectively.Strong frequency dependences of the dielectric constant are observed above ～175 K for the two compounds.     

Sb2Te3 纳米结构的制备与表征

以室温热电性能优异的传统热电材料Sb₂Te₃为研究对象,利用化学气相沉积法制备Sb₂Te₃单晶纳米结构,并研究其生长机理.实验结果表明,不加催化剂时Sb₂Te₃易生长成六方纳米盘,在金催化剂条件下定向生长成纳米线.Sb₂Te₃的形貌与其晶体结构和生长机理有关.Sb₂Te₃为三角结构,Sb和     

Structure, dielectric and magnetodielectric properties of Bi1-xGdxFeO3 Ceramics

Different magnetodielectric effects were observed in Bi1-xGdxFeO3 ceramics depending on gadolinium content. A positive one was observed in the samples with x ≤0.10 at 295K and 16K, and a negative one in the sample with x = 0.4 at 16 K. Structure analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the samples crystallize in the R3c structure (ferroelectrics) for x<0.08 and in the Pbnm structure (paraelectrics) for x≥0.3 at room temperature. Temperature-dependent dielectric response and x-ray diffraction confirm the occurrence of a structural transition in the Pbnm phase at low temperature for the samples with x ≤0.4. While the positive magnetodielectric effects can be attributed to a coupling of magnetic and crystallographic structures of the R3c phase, the observed negative magnetodielectric effect in the Pbnm phase can be associated with a low-temperature modification of the Pbnm structure. The observed dualsigned magnetodielectric effects suggest that the Bi1-xGdxFeO3 oxides are a good prototype for understanding the magnetodielectric coupling mechanism in this kind of materials.     

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Nd（Mn1-xFex）2Si2 compounds

X-ray powder diffraction,resistivity and magnetization studies have been performed on polycrystalline Nd(FexMn1-x)2Si2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds which crystallize in a ThCr2Si2-type structure with the space group I4/mmm.The field-cooled temperature dependence of the magnetization curves shows that,at low temperatures,NdFe2Si2 is antiferromagnetic,while the other compounds show ferromagnetic behaviour.The substitution of Fe for Mn leads to a decrease in lattice parameters a,c and unit-cell volume V .The Curie temperature of the compounds first increases,reaches a maximum around x = 0.7,then decreases with Fe content.However,the saturation magnetization decreases monotonically with increasing Fe content.This Fe concentration dependent magnetization of Nd(FexMn1-x)2Si2 compounds can be well explained by taking into account the complex effect on magnetic properties due to the substitution of Mn by Fe.The temperature’s square dependence on electrical resistivity indicates that the curve of Nd(Fe0.6Mn0.4)2Si2 has a quasi-linear character above its Curie temperature,which is typical of simple metals.