铁基超导的前世今生

高温超导机理被誉为凝聚态物理学前沿研究皇冠上的明珠,铁基超导的发现和研究极大地促进了人们对高温超导电性的理解。文章将简要回顾超导研究的历史和基本概念,介绍铜基高温超导研究的现状及困难,详述铁基超导的发现及其在高温超导研究中的关键桥梁作用,着重介绍中国科学家在铁基超导洪流中做出的重要贡献。     

利用灰色理论进行多井储层评价

在用灰色理论对油气储层进行精细评价解释的基础上,研究了哈南油田夫特构造砾岩储层和福山凹陷流三段储层的综合评价和多井解释。以关键井分析计算储层参数,利用岩性、物性及含油气变化进行参数集总和归纳,绘制出相应层段储层厚度、孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度等参数分布图,建立了客观反映储层地质特性的分析方法和解释模型。研究了油气储层的基本形态、几何特征及其空间分布规律。从而较好地预测各层段中储油物性好、含油饱和度高的部位,提供了进一步钻探评价位置和范围。     

Searching for sub-MeV boosted dark matter from xenon electron direct detection

Direct detection experiments tend to lose sensitivity in searches for sub-MeV light dark matter candidates due to the threshold of recoil energy.However,such light dark matter particles could be accelerated by energetic cosmic rays,such that they could be detected with existing detectors.We derive constraints on the scattering of a boosted light dark matter particle and electron from the XENON100/1T experiment.We illustrate that the energy dependence of the cross section plays a crucial role in improving both the detection sensitivity and also the complementarity of direct detection and other experiments.     

Superconducting anisotropy and vortex pinning in CaKFe_4As_4 and KCa_2Fe_4As_4F_2

The vortex pinning determining the current carrying capacity of a superconductor is an important property to the applications of superconducting materials.For layered superconductors,the vortex pinning can be enhanced by a strong interlayer interaction in accompany with a suppression of superconducting anisotropy,which remains to be investigated in iron based superconductors(FeSCs)with the layered structure.Here,based on the transport and magnetic torque measurements,we experimentally investigate the vortex pinning in two bilayer FeSCs,CaKFe₄As₄(Fe1144)and KCa₂Fe₄As4F₂(Fe12442),and compare their superconducting anisotropyγ.While the anisotropyγ≈3 for Fe1144 is much smaller thanγ≈15 in Fe12442 around Tc,a higher flux pinning energy as evidenced by a higher critical current density is found in Fe1144,as compared with the case of Fe12442.In combination with the literature data of Ba_0.72K_0.28Fe2As₂ and Nd Fe As_O0.82F_0.18,we reveal an anti-correlation between the pinning energy and the superconducting anisotropy in these Fe SCs.Our results thus suggest that the interlayer interaction can not be neglected when considering the vortex pinning in Fe SCs.     

冻融循环下导电混凝土压阻效应的稳定性研究

以碳纤维、石墨为导电相材料, 掺入粉煤灰和硅灰制备导电混凝土, 研究了粉煤灰、硅灰的掺量对导电混凝土抗冻融性能的影响, 定义了压阻效应稳定性的指标, 探究了压阻效应稳定性随冻融循环的变化规律, 建立了导电混凝土在冻融循环下的电阻率演化模型和压阻效应稳定性模型. 研究结果表明: 在导电混凝土中加入粉煤灰、硅灰可有效提高其抗冻融能力; 当粉煤灰、硅灰总掺量相同时, 较高掺量的粉煤灰可以提升导电混凝土压阻效应的稳定性.     

神奇的超导

 电阻起源于载流子(电子或空穴)在材料中运动过程中受到的各种各样的阻尼.按照材料的常温电阻率从大到小可以分为绝缘体、半导体和导体.绝大部分金属都是良导体,他们在室温下的电阻率非常小但不为零,在10^-12 mΩ·cm量级附近.自然界是否存在电阻为零的材料呢？答案是肯定的,这就是超导体.当把超导材料降到某个特定温度以下的时候,将进入超导态,这时电阻将突降为零(图1),同时所有外磁场磁力线将被排出超导体外,导致体内磁感应强度为零,即同时出现零电阻态和完全抗磁性.超导态开始出现的温度一般称为超导临界温度,表示为T_c.微观上来说,当超导材料处于超导临界温度之下时,材料中费米面附近的电子将通过相互作用媒介而两两配对,这些电子对将同时处于稳定的低能组态,叫“凝聚体”.在外加电场驱动下,所有电子对整体能够步调一致地运动,因此超导又属于宏观量子凝聚现象.对于零电阻态,实验上已经证实超导材料的电阻率小于10^-23 mΩ·cm,在实验精度允许范围内已经可以认为是零.如果将超导体做成环状并感应产生电流,电流将在环中流动不止且几乎不衰减.超导体的完全抗磁性并不依赖于超导体降温和加场的次序,也称为迈斯纳(Meissner)效应.一个材料是否为超导体,零电阻态和完全抗磁性是必须同时具有的两个独立特征.     

液相色谱中环糊精类手性固定相键合臂种类及合成

环糊精被广泛应用于液相色谱中,其中以β-环糊精更为普遍,因其具有良好的分离能力,当中以全衍生化β-环糊精更为显著,β-环糊精手性固定相中键合相的合成是手性分离中的关键技术之一,重点研究全衍化β-环糊精的键合相的合成.     

复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物的样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

核苷、胺、氨基酸等极性小分子化合物是生物、食品、环境等领域重要的研究对象,但各种复杂基体中痕量极性小分子的分离分析需要高效的前处理介质和技术以及快速灵敏的分析方法。本文综述了硅胶材料、有机聚合物、炭材料和硼酸材料等样品前处理分离介质及反相液相色谱、亲水作用色谱等分析方法在复杂样品痕量极性小分子化合物分析中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。     

Effect of residual stress on nematic domains in BaFe_(2-x)Ni_xAs_2 studied by angular magnetoresistance

We have studied the angular magnetoresistance of iron pnictides BaFe_(2-x)Ni_xAs_2, which shows clear 180 degree periodicity as fitted by a cosine function. In the x = 0.065 sample, the phase of the two-fold symmetry changes 90 degrees above the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition temperature Ts. Since the phase at low temperature is associated with the rotation of orthorhombic domains by magnetic field, we show that even vacuum grease can push the presence of orthorhombic domains at temperatures much higher than Ts. Our results suggest that residual stress may have significant effects in studying the nematic orders and its fluctuations in iron pnictides.