第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

Preparation of Silver—Coated Polystyrene Composite Particles

We report a feasible approach to the preparation of monodispersed metal-shell composite microspheres based on a combination of surface reaction and surface seeding techniques. The method was implemented for coating polystyrene (PS) spheres with silver shell having a variable thickness by controlling the amount of reagents in the reaction procedure. These composite spherical particles in dimensions of the submicrometer range may become attractive building blocks for the creation of metallo-dielectric photonic band gap materials when they are organized into crystals.     

医用生物材料的低温保存研究

生物材料的低温保存一般都要经历降温过程、低温储存过程及复温过程,其中降温过程中对生物细胞的影响最大.每一种生物细胞都有自己合适的降温速率,如能满足其这种降温速率,细胞所受到的低温损伤最小,则生物细胞的复活率最高.文中介绍程序控制变速降温装置的主要结构及几种典型生物体的降温过程.最后,对器官的低温保存进行分析讨论.     

磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系电荷条纹相的影响

最近的研究结果表明在La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系中,静态电荷条纹的形成以及动态电荷条纹的运动都和晶格有一定的耦合.基于此,我们通过超声衰减测量研究了磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4(x=0.12, y=0, 0.4 and x=0.04, y=0)体系中电荷条纹的影响.对La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4,我们发现70 K附近对应于静态电荷条纹形成的超声衰减峰以及此温度以下超声声速的异常硬化在零场和14T的强磁场下基本没有变化,说明静态电荷有序非常稳定,磁场对其没有影响.但是对La1.88Sr0.12CuO4样品,由于超导电性占主导地位,静态电荷序的形成被压制在很低的温度(10 K以下).我们发现低温下的超声衰减峰及声速硬化随磁场的增加而逐渐向高温方向移动,同时低温下的声速硬化加强.这意味着磁场能够钉扎La1.88Sr0.12CuO4中的动态电荷条纹.这一实验结果为La系超导体中静态电荷有序与超导电性之间的竞争提供了了进一步的证据.随着磁场的加强,超导序逐渐被压制,静态电荷序得以显现.La1.96Sr0.04CuO4的超声衰减特性测量结果显示,在团簇玻璃态下由于作为团簇畴壁的电荷条纹的运动而导致的超声能量损耗不随磁场发生变化.     

Determination of Zero-Dispersion Wavelength by Four-Wave Mixing

We present an improved approach to determine the zero-dispersion wavelength by measurement of the four-wave mixing （FWM） effect employing the two-tunable-laser scanning method. The FWM behaviour of combined fibres with two different zero-dispersion wavelengths is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results are compared with those by regular zero-dispersion wavelength test instrument using phase shift technique. The theoretical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of determination of zero-dispersion wavelength by FWM.     

双缺陷模一维光子晶体的双光子吸收增强研究

采用真空镀膜工艺制备了具有762 nm和800 nm双缺陷模的含两个CdS缺陷层的TiO2/SiO2一维光子晶体,运用抽运探测技术测量了其双光子吸收。对于两个缺陷模,双光子吸收均得到很大的增强,其中缺陷模为800nm时的双光子吸收系数307 cm/GW要大于缺陷模为762 nm时的116 cm/GW,分别为单层CdS薄膜的48倍和18倍。这种双光子吸收的增强是由于光局域化导致一维光子晶体缺陷层内的电场强度增大而形成的。通过传输矩阵法计算了一维光子晶体的内部场强,发现800 nm波长光入射时缺陷层内的电场强度要大于762 nm波长光入射时的电场强度值。     

现代物理学研究中的一个新的前沿——坡密子是一个雷其化的张量胶子球(英文)

提出了坡密子就是质量～2 .2 Ge V、量子数为 IGJPC=0 + 2 + +的张量胶子球的雷其轨迹.高能质子 -质子弹性散射微分截面的研究表明 ,这个猜想与张量胶子球的实验材料完全一致的. We propose that the Pomeron is a Regge trajectory of tensor glueballs with the lightest member having a mass in the 2.2 GeV region and the quantum numbers I G J PC = 0 + 2 ++ . By using the well-established high-energy proton-proton elastic scattering differential cross sections, we show that our conjecture is fully consistent with the observed ξ production data.     

Guided transmission of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries

The transmissions of oxygen ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries each 50 nm in diameter and 10 μm in length at a series of different tilt angles are measured,where the ions with energies ranging from 10 to 60 keV and charge states from 1 up to 6 are involved.The angular distribution and the transmission yields of transported ions are investigated.Our results indicate both the existence of a guiding effect when ions pass through the capillary and a significant dependence of the ion transmission on the energy and the charge state of the ions.The guiding effects are observed to be enhanced at lower projectile energies and higher charge states.Meanwhile,the results also exhibit that the transmission yields increase as the tilt angle decreases at a given energy and charge state.     

用钝体稳定劣质煤粉火焰的机理性探讨

引言 对于高速的气体或液体燃料的预混气流,其火焰稳定通常是采用钝体来实现的。钝体稳焰的机理可以用热理论模型、边界层点燃理论模型或搅拌反应器模型分别从不同的角度定性地给予解释。近年来劣质煤(或无烟煤)燃烧中采用钝体作为稳焰器来解决其着火延迟和火焰不稳定的问题收到了良好的效果,但对其稳焰机理尚不明确,仍然沿用     

用通电加热法精密测定热导率

一、前言关于固体的热物性值的重要性,作者们已经进行了论述。但是,其必要性的认识,可靠的资料还少。特别是,在高温下各种材料的热导率的评论及其测定的方法,还有很多的问题。关于这些问题,AGARD 的报告书提到的通电加热法,是测定热导率的各种方法中,在中温(900～1300K)到高温(>1300