玉米作物多光谱图像精准分割与叶绿素诊断方法研究

为了快速获取大田玉米作物长势信息, 基于多光谱图像开展了大田玉米叶绿素指标的非破坏性诊断研究。应用自主开发的2-CCD多光谱图像感知系统, 在田间采集玉米冠层可见光［Blue(B), Green(G), Red(R);400～700 nm］和近红外(Near-infrared: NIR, 760～1 000 nm)图像, 并使用SPAD同步测量样本叶绿素指标。采集后图像经自适应平滑滤波处理后, 进行图像玉米植株提取。为了选择最优算法实现玉米植株与杂草、土壤背景的分割, 首先比较了最大类间方差(OTSU)分割算法和局部阈值处理分割算法, 选取了基于局部统计的可变阈值处理方法对玉米NIR图像进行初步分割, 进而采用区域标记算法进行精细分割, 分割准确率达95.59%。将分割结果应用于玉米植株可见光图像R, G, B各通道, 从而实现了玉米植株多光谱图像中可见光图像的整体分割。基于分割后R, G, B和NIR四个通道的玉米冠层图像, 提取了各通道图像灰度均值(ANIR, ARed, AGreen和ABlue)并计算了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)和绿色归一化植被指数(NDGI)作为光谱特征参数, 建立了玉米冠层叶绿素指标诊断的偏最小二乘法回归模型。结果表明, 建模R2达0.596 0, 预测R2达0.568 5, 该方法通过玉米多光谱图像特征参数评估叶片叶绿素含量, 可为大田玉米长势监测提供支持。     

低速~(84)Kr~(15+,17+)离子轰击GaAs单晶

用345 keV的Kr15+和340 keV的Kr17+离子以45fi角入射n型GaAs单晶(100)面,测量了表面形貌的变化和发射的375—500 nm Ga I和Kr II的特征光谱线.Krq+(q=15,17)离子轰击后表面形貌的变化主要取决于入射离子的电荷态q.离子沉积到靶表面的能量引起Ga原子激发,其辐射光谱为Ga I 403.2 nm和Ga I 417.0 nm.入射离子中性化过程中俘获GaAs导带电子形成高激发态原子,通过级联退激填充3p,4d等空穴,P壳层电子跃迁发射谱线为Kr II 410.0 nm,Kr II 430.4 nm,Kr II 434.0 nm和Kr II 486.0 nm,Kr II486.0 nm为较强谱线.实验结果表明,入射离子与GaAs单晶相互作用发射的可见光产额与入射离子的电荷态密切相关,较高电荷态Kr17+离子入射产生的光辐射产额大约为Kr15+离子的两倍.     

“保守系统平衡位置微振动”案例教学的探讨与实践

以“保守系统平衡位置微振动”为例,论述在理论力学中如何适当地整合知识点使之成为一个案例,使学生从具体的案例出发经过思考、分析、讨论,得到可能的解决方案,并进行评价、提炼理论.实践证明,把案例教学引入理论力学教学中,通过多个阶段的实践过程锻炼,有助于学生形成“主体性”和“实践性”的习惯,从而改善课堂教学关系,提高学生的独立学习和实践创新能力.     

含时滞及迁移的Prey—Predator系统中大时滞对Hopf分支的作用机制

在本文中,我们研究了含时滞及迁移的Prey-Predator系统。在此我们指出,当迁移(扩散)系数满足某一限制时,随着时滞量增加,平衡态稳定性出现交替的变化,且相伴地出现Hopf分支的规律。     

基于白光扫描干涉法的光纤折射率分布的测量

提出了一种光纤折射率分布的测量方法,采用白光扫描干涉技术,并在参考镜上构造与光纤样品相同的结构来克服白光相干长度短的限制,优化了光路,提高了干涉条纹间的对比度.采用与白光干涉信号的包络线呈高斯分布的Morlet小波作为小波变换的母小波进行拟合处理,得到光纤与已知折射率的匹配液之间的相对高度.通过计算获得光纤的折射率分布...     

1P波激发态粲介子和底介子的质量劈裂

应用线性Regge轨迹和相对论夸克模型,研究了低激发态单重介子谱,并解释了这些激发态的窄质量劈裂源自轻夸克的相对论效应.计算了自旋宇称为J+(J=0,1,2)的单重介子(D,Ds,B,Bs)P波的质量,并建议存在O+态的,未被实验发现的B介子和Bs介子,其质量分别为5659 MeV和5788 MeV.计算表明,Ds0(...     

Tunable spectral shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms using a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from an atom illuminated by a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse is investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The spectral shift that occurs in atomic HHG can be achieved easily using our laser pulse. It is shown that the photon energy of the generated harmonics is controllable within the range of 1 eV. The shift of the frequency peak position is rooted in the asymmetry of the rising and falling parts of the laser pulse. We also show that by varying the phase parameters in the frequency domain of the laser one can adjust and control the shift in atomic harmonic spectra.     

Degradation mechanisms for a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors functioning under simultaneous DC gate and drain biases

Degradation of a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors working under simultaneous DC gate and drain bias stress is investigated, and the corresponding degradation mechanism is proposed and verified. The maximum degradation occurs under the bias stress condition that makes the electric field and electron concentration relatively high at the same time. Trapping of hot electrons in the etching-stop layer under the extended drain electrode is proven to be the underlying mechanism. The observed degradation phenomena, including distortion in the transfer curve on a logarithmic scale and two-slope dependence on gate bias on a linear scale, current crowding in the output curve, and smaller degradation in transfer curves measured under large drain bias, can all be well explained with the proposed degradation mechanism.     

Theoretical Calculation of Rotational Bands of ^179Pt in the Particle-Triaxial-Rotor Model

Theoretical calculations have been performed for nucleus ^179Pt in the particle-triaxial-rotor model with variable moment of inertia. The obtained energy spectrum agrees with the experimental data quite well. The calculated results indicate that the bands 1/2^- and 7/2^ are triaxial deformation bands and originate mainly from the v[521]1/2^- and v[633]7/2^ configurations respectively.