一种新型Ag3PO4/Ag/Ag2Mo2O7纳米线光催化剂：三元纳米复合物的光催化活性

Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared via an in situ precipitation method. The as-prepared Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ nanocomposite included Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles (NPs) as well as Ag NPs assembling on the surface of Ag₂Mo₂O₇ nanowires. Under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm), the Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ composite degraded rhodamine B (Rh B) efficiently and showed much higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure Ag₃PO₄, Ag₂Mo₂O₇, or Ag₃PO₄/Ag₂Mo₂O₇. It was elucidated that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ for the degradation of Rh B under visible light could be ascribed to the high specific surface area, the extended absorption in the visible light region resulting from the Ag₃PO₄/Ag loading, and the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes through the ternary heterostrucure composed of Ag₃PO₄, Ag and Ag₂Mo₂O₇.     

取代基对多取代氮苄叉苯胺化合物分子桥键（CH=N）的13C NMR和1H NMR的影响

Fifty-three samples of multi-substituted benzylideneanilines XArCH=NArYs (abbreviated XBAYs) were synthesized and their NMR spectra were determined. An extensional study of substituent effects on the ¹H NMR chemical shifts (^δH(CH=N)) and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts (^δC(CH=N)) of the CH=N bridging group from di-substituted to multi-substituted XBAYs was made based on a total of 182 samples of XBAYs, together with the NMR data of other 129 samples of di-substituted XBAYs quoted from literatures. The results show that the substituent specific cross-interaction effect parameter (Δ(Σσ)²)plays an important role in quantifying the ^δC(CH=N) values of XBAYs, but it is negligible for quantifying the ^δH(CH=N) values; the other substituent parameters also present different influences on the ^δC(CH=N) and ^δH(CH=N). On the whole, the contributions of X and Y to the ^δC(CH=N) of XBAYs are balanced, but the ^δH(CH=N) values of XBAYs mainly rely on the contributions of X.     

二维Otsu拟合线阈值图像分割方法

针对已有二维Otsu线阈值法分割方法存在的因误分类而导致的分割质量下降、抗噪性能不足的问题.结合二维Ot-su折线阈值算法和曲线拟合方法,提出了二维Otsu拟合线阈值图像分割方法.本文方法是在二维Otsu折线阈值法基础上进行改进.先对二维直方图中边界信息或噪声所属区域的像素点迭代分割,并设定迭代停止条件,以获得多个阈值点,然后引入曲线拟合的方法,将多个阈值点拟合成线阈值,最后以此线阈值作为分割标准实现分割.实验结果表明:利用本文方法对边缘丰富的图像分割具有较好的分割效果,抗噪能力和自适应能力更强,普适性更高.     

典型盐岩力学特性分析

通过单轴、三轴压缩实验及劈裂等实验研究了湖北云应、江苏淮安和河南平顶山3 个地区层状盐矿岩样的短 期力学特性,并对不同地区及不同深度地层的纯盐岩力学特性进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）3 地区中单轴抗压强度 和弹性模量最大的岩样为泥岩和含泥岩的盐岩,而其泊松比却是最小的,证明了泥岩变形性能差的特性。含有不同杂 质的盐岩其抗压强度和弹性模量有所增加,其泊松比对杂质的变化不是太敏感。纯盐岩抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比 随地层深度的增加而增大,取自较浅地层的岩样单轴实验有明显的压密阶段。（2）不同地区的岩样都有随围压的增大 峰值强度相应增大的规律。纯盐岩的内摩擦角基本都大于其他岩样的值,而黏聚力则都小于其他岩样的值。反映了纯 盐岩晶体颗粒大,含杂质少的特点。（3）不同地区的纯盐岩相对于其他岩样的抗拉强度最小。     

塔河底水砂岩油藏氮气泡沫驱技术研究

塔河三叠系砂岩油藏为块状底水油藏,与中国其他砂岩油藏相比,其埋藏深、底水能量强,具有油藏温度高、矿化度高和钙镁离子含量高的特点,进入开发中后期以后油井水淹现象严重,低产低效井多,由于高温高盐的特征,一般的化学驱提高采收率方法很难适用。在调研砂岩油藏提高采收率技术的基础上,结合塔河底水砂岩油藏实际特点,开展了氮气泡沫驱室内实验研究,确定了氮气泡沫驱的可行性,并在现场进行了先导试验。实践表明,氮气泡沫驱技术是底水砂岩油藏有效的提高采收率手段。     

非均相Fenton催化剂的组成结构设计与性能优化

非均相Fenton催化技术解决了均相Fenton反应存在的问题,具有pH适用范围广以及催化剂易于回收利用等优点,因而成为水处理领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了非均相Fenton反应用于降解有机污染物的发展、反应机理以及机理的研究方法。总结了非均相Fenton催化剂的种类,主要包括铁氧化物、其它金属氧化物、金属有机框架材料。重点讨论了提高非均相Fenton催化剂活性及稳定性的方法,包括通过调控催化剂的形貌、尺寸、孔结构使催化剂具有更高的比表面积,将活性组分负载在具有高比表面积的载体上,通过与其它金属复合以及引入光、超声、微波等外场。最后,对非均相Fenton催化技术的发展进行了展望。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测蔬菜中248种农药残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）技术建立了快速检测蔬菜中248种农药残留的分析方法。蔬菜样品采用乙腈提取,盐析后无需净化,缩短了样品前处理的时间。采用正负离子多反应监测（MRM）模式对蔬菜中248种农药残留进行定性和定量分析。245种农药在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99）。除丁硫克百威、灭蝇胺、苯磺隆和二氯喹啉酸4种农药外,其余244种农药在3个添加水平下的平均回收率范围为63.0%～126.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）范围为0.5%～26.7%,方法的定量限为0.001～0.030 mg/kg。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高、准确度高等优点,适合蔬菜样品中农药多残留的快速检测分析。     

N型半导体金刚石的研究现状与展望

作为半导体材料的金刚石具有宽的禁带宽度和高的热导率、介质击穿场强等优异性质,因此其应用前景广阔.P型金刚石发展较N型金刚石成熟.因为缺乏可实用的N型金刚石材料,这使得金刚石半导体器件的应用难以实现.因此N型半导体金刚石成为研究者关注的焦点.论文从掺杂元素和制备方法两方面详细介绍了国内外N型金刚石的研究现状.硼与磷或硫元素共掺杂获得N型金刚石的研究取得了较大进展;利用化学气相沉积法和离子注入法制备N型半导体金刚石研究较多且取得了一定进展.高压高温下的温度梯度法便于掺杂调控金刚石性能,因而利用该法合成N型半导体金刚石大单晶值得尝试.     

Block copolymer morphologies confined by square-shaped particle:Hard and soft confinement

The self-assembly of diblock copolymers confined around one square-shaped particle is studied systematically within two-dimensional self-consistent field theory(SCFT).In this model,we assume that the thin block copolymer film is confined in the vicinity of a square-shaped particle by a homopolymer melt,which is equivalent to the poor solvents.Multiple sequences of square-shaped particle-induced copolymer aggregates with different shapes and self-assembled internal morphologies are predicted as functions of the particle size,the structural portion of the copolymer,and the volume fraction of the copolymer.A rich variety of aggregates are found with complex internal self-assembled morphologies including complex structures of the vesicle,with one or several inverted micelle surrounded by the outer monolayer with the particle confined in the core.These results demonstrate that the assemblies of diblock copolymers formed around the square-shaped particle in poor solvents are of immediate interest to the assembly of copolymer and the morphology of biomembrane in the confined environment,as well as to the transitions of vesicles to micelles.     

CO2对非负载型镍催化剂甲烷裂解性能的影响研究

采用沉淀法分别以乙醇洗涤和以乙醇洗涤后再以水洗涤氢氧化镍,焙烧制备了不同形貌非负载型镍催化剂,对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)表征,分析了催化剂暴露的晶面,考察了CO₂对该催化剂CH₄裂解性能的影响。结果表明：反应气氛中引入~8% (vol)的CO₂可显著提高Ni-et的甲烷裂解性能,同时也可小幅提高Ni-etwt的甲烷裂解性能,适量CO₂的存在可阻止活性较低的非负载型镍的活性位在反应过程中被产物碳包裹,从而有效提高其活性;活性较高的Ni-etwt催化剂不易因被产物碳包裹而失活,使CO₂对其裂解活性影响较小;当CO₂含量较高(~50%)时,CO₂的存在会使更多反应掉的CH₄不能全部转化为碳纳米材料和氢气,降低甲烷裂解的选择性,因此,过高含量的CO₂不利于催化剂催化甲烷裂解制氢和碳纳米材料。