沙柳、黄柳和杞柳光合作用的日变化

利用Li-6400光合仪对沙柳、黄柳和杞柳3种杨柳科植物的光合作用日变化进行了研究.结果表明:(1)3种柳树的净光合速率Pn,蒸腾速率Tr,气孔导度Gs的日变化均为"双峰"型曲线,峰值出现在10:00和14:00点,12:00点左右存在明显的"午休"现象,但不同柳树Pn,Tr,Gs的高峰和谷底的高低不同.(2)3种柳树的WUE日变化均呈"双峰"曲线,8:00达到第一峰,之后逐渐降低,黄柳、杞柳在12:00点降到谷底,14:00达到第二峰,沙柳在14:00点降到谷底,16:00达到第二峰,峰值不明显.(3)根据Pn,Ci,Ls的变化方向,推测3种柳树的光合"午休"主要受气孔因素限制.(4)相关分析结果表明,对Pn影响最显著的因子是PAR,其次是Gs,Ci,Ta,RH;对Tr影响最显著的因子是PAR,其次是Ci,Ta,RH,Gs.     

基于改进小波变换法的风电场谐波检测

为了提高风电并网电力系统谐波检测的快速性与准确性,提出一种改进小波变换的谐波检测方法。首先,把风电并网系统电压信号的频域空间分割成低频区段与高频区段,针对低频区段信号采用小波多尺度算法分解,针对高频区段信号采用小波包进行分解,得到信号中的基波和各次谐波分量;然后,通过有效地提取出特定频率段的谐波分量进行重构来检测风电并网电力系统谐波;最后,利用MATLAB进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:该方法能快速有效检测出谐波分量,提高了谐波检测准确度和快速性。     

氮掺杂石墨烯负载钴基多组分纳米粒子作为锌空气电池的先进阴极催化剂

为了提高锌空气电池 (ZABs) 中阴极氧气还原反应 (ORR) 的效率,本文提出了一种吸附–络合–煅烧方法,在石墨烯纳米片上形成包含 Co、Co₃O₄ 和 CoN 的多组分钴基纳米粒子及大量N掺杂原子,获得 Co/Co₃O₄/CoN/NG复合材料。尺寸小于50 nm的Co/Co₃O₄/CoN 纳米粒子均匀分散在 N 掺杂石墨烯 (NG) 基底上,极大地改善了ORR的电催化行为。测试结果表明,所制备材料催化ORR的半波电位高达0.80 V vs. RHE,极限电流密度为4.60 mA?cm?2,与市售的铂/碳 (Pt/C) 催化剂接近。作为ZABs的阴极催化剂,该电池的比容量和开路电压分别为 843.0 mAh?g?1和1.41 V。优异的性能归因于高度分散的Co/Co₃O₄/CoN纳米颗粒和掺杂氮原子提供了大量的催化活性位点,以及石墨烯二维结构提供了高表面积及快速的电子传输通道。     

天然水中微量铀的萃取光度测定

杂环偶氮化合物用作铀(Ⅵ)的显色剂已有不少报导,目前最灵敏的是:2-[5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮]-5-二乙基氨基苯酚(简称5-Br-PADAP),但分析矿石和环境样品中微量铀时一般采用预萃取后,在有机相中显色测定,而铀(Ⅵ)5-Br-PADAP铬合物的萃取光度测定尚未见报导。本文试验了醋酸正丁酯萃取铀(Ⅵ)5-Br-PADAP铬合物的条件和干扰情况,用所建立的萃取光度法测定了一些天然水中微量铀。方法测定下限为0.5微克铀/升,精密度好,具有快速简易,所用溶剂无毒等优点。     

Quasi-One-Dimensional Free-Electron-Like States Selected by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds at the Glycine/Cu(100) Interface

We carry out ab initio density functional theory calculations to study manipulation of electronic structures of selfassembled molecular nanostructures on metal surfaces by investigating the geometric and electronic properties of glycine molecules on Cu(100). It is shown that a glycine monolayer on Cu(100) forms a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network between the carboxyl and amino groups of glycine using a first principles atomistic calculation on the basis of a recently found structure. This...     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备及催化噻吩烷基化性能研究

用不同浓度的Na₂CO₃溶液处理ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、XRF、SEM、N₂吸附脱附及NH₃-TPD方法对处理前后的ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,并考察了Na₂CO₃溶液处理对ZSM-5分子筛孔结构、酸性以及噻吩烷基化性能的影响。结果表明,Na₂CO₃溶液处理在保持ZSM-5分子筛微孔骨架结构的同时,增加了ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积、外表面积和介孔体积,并调变了酸性。Na₂CO₃溶液处理提高了ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的噻吩烷基化活性和噻吩选择性。一定反应条件下,随着Na₂CO₃溶液浓度增加,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的噻吩烷基化性能逐渐提高,而噻吩选择性先增加后下降。当Na₂CO₃溶液浓度为2 mol/L时,分子筛的噻吩转化率和噻吩选择性分别为81.26 %和73.15%。当Na₂CO₃溶液浓度为3 mol/L时,噻吩转化率和选择性分别为90.57 %和72.59%。     

INFLUENCE OF BACKBONE RIGIDITY ON THE LIQUID CRYSTALLINITY OF MESOGEN-CONTAINING POLYACETYLENES

Two acetylene polymers containing cyanobiphenyl-based mesogens,poly { 10-[ ((4'- cyano-4-biphenylyl ) oxy ) carbonyl] - 1 -decyne } (PA8CN ), which has a relativelyfiexible polyalkyne backbone, and poly {[4-(((12-((4'-cyano-4-biphenylyl)oxy)dodecyl)oxy)carbonyl) phenyl]-acetylene} (PB12CN), which has a fairly rigid poly (phenylacetylene )backbone, were synthesized using respectively WCl_6 and [Rh(nbd)Cl]_2 as the catalysts.PA8CN exhibits enantiotropic interdigitated smectic A phase (S_(Ad)) over a temperaturerange as wide as ca. 100℃, whereas PB12CN is non-mesomorphic, demonstrating thatthe backbone rigidity plays an important role in determining the liquid crystallinity of thepolyacetylenes.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of a New Cd(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer with Four-fold Interpenetrated dia Topology

A new Cd(ΙΙ) coordination polymer with 2-nitroterephthalic acid(H2npa) and 1,4-bis(2-methyl-imidazol-1-yl) butane(bib) has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and EA. Complex [Cd(npa)(bib)]n(1) is of orthorhombic system, space group Pcca with a = 16.1750(5), b = 9.8764(5), c = 15.5890(3) A, V =2490.4(2) A3, Z = 4, Mr = 539.82, Dc = 1.440 g/cm3, F(000) = 1088, μ = 0.918 mm-1, the final R =0.0320 and w R = 0.0775 for 2253 reflections with I 2σ(I). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 displays a four-fold interpenetrated dia topology. Furthermore, the luminescent property for complex 1 is also investigated in solid state at room temperature.     

以学生为中心的物理化学远程教学初探

在抗击新冠疫情期间,北京师范大学"物理化学"教学团队综合利用中国大学MOOC、雨课堂、微信群等多个网络平台和工具,探索并实践了以MOOC授课为基础、以学生学习为中心、以教师辅导为支撑的物理化学远程教学。我们以难度最大的"统计热力学基础"教学为例,设计了包括课前预习、课上观看MOOC视频、实时在线练习、教师答疑、课后反思提问等多环节的复合式教学方案,引导学生利用教师预留的资料、设计的教学活动以及布置的线上作业等实施自主学习。实践表明,这个多环节的综合设计在线课程能够充分调动学生的学习热情,培养学生的自我管理能力,锻炼学生的批判性思维,取得了良好的教学效果。     

黄烷类衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

An efficient and feasible synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of an array of new flavane derivafives from the substituted benzaldehyde with the reduction of chalcones and subsequent cyclization as the key steps. The purity and structure of the products were confirmed by the elemental analysis and a combination of its IR, ^1H and ^13C NMR, and mass spectra. These synthetic compounds were tested for xanthine oxidase （XO） inhibitions and antifungal actions against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus sp. and Trichophyton rubrum. 7-Hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy-4＇-methoxyflavane （9） was found to be the most XO inhibitory with IC50=76.4 μmol/L, and the most potent antifungal compound was 4＇-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxyflavane （12） with minimal inhibition concentration MIC=8 μg/mL against Trichophyton rubrum.