简论英语双关语的功用

英语在其长期发展过程中,形成了大量的同形或近形异义词、同音或近音异义词,并被巧妙地融合在一定的语境中,使这种类同现象自然地涉及到词语的表层和深层意义,即一个词在句子中有双重或多重含义,可作不同的解释,也就是我们平常所说的“话里有话”或者“言在此而意在彼”,以达到幽默滑稽、耐人寻味的艺术效果,增加语言的生动性和含蓄性。这就是在生活中广泛运用的修辞格——双关语(Pun)。     

X-射线荧光光谱铝环-双层压片法测定少量土壤中的化学元素

本文提出用铝环一双层压片法制备样片,经验系数法校正元素间效应,对少量土壤样品中的化学元素进行定量测定。取样量500mg,制样与测量精度小于5％,用本法对标样的分析表明,分析值与推荐值基本一致,本法具有简单、快速、成本低的特点,适用于少量样品的分析。     

预处理剂对大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

以大蒜为材料,用不同质量浓度的秋水仙素(0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0g/L)和8 羟基喹啉(0,0.002,0.004,0.006,0.008,0.010mol/L)作为预处理剂,设计5个处理时间(0.5,1.5,3.0,4.5,6.0h),分析了不同预处理剂对大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响。结果表明,各预处理剂在不同浓度和处理时间情况下对大蒜根尖细胞中期分裂指数的影响是不相同的。(1)1.0g/L的秋水仙素处理3.0h,细胞的中期分裂指数最高,为6.11;(2)0.004mol/L的8 羟基喹啉处理3.0h,细胞的中期分裂指数也最高,为3.24。两种预处理剂互作处理时,细胞分裂中期的染色体分散性最好。     

硝苯柳胺合成工艺条件的优化

通过正交试验对硝苯柳胺的合成工艺条件进行了优化。其最适条件为：5-氯水杨酸的酰氯化温度为80℃，催化剂用量为5g；5-氯水杨酸酰氯的胺化温度为120℃，反应时间为3h。此条件下硝苯柳胺的纯度能达到95．66％，收率达到91．64％。     

Application of Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements in the Studies on Macromolecular Conformational Behaviors

——Phase Behavior of the Aqueous Solution of Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Sensitive to Temperature and the Modification of the Behavior by Using Poly(acrylic acid) The phase behavior of the aqueous solution of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) sensitive to temperature and the modification of the behavior by using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been studied by ultrasonic attenuation measurements and fluorescence probe techniques. It has been observed that PVME solution is transparent at room temperature and becomes turbid upon heating. The solution turns clear again as soon as the temperature is decreased to room temperature. The heating and cooling process can be repeated for many times. The phase behavior of the solution sensitive to temperature is attributed to the conformational changes of the polymer. PVME may adopt an open coil conformation at room temperature. With this conformation, the polymer is well miscible with the solvent, water, and thereby the system is a real solution. The polymer may adopt a compact coil conformation when the temperature is higher than a specific value, which is called the LCST (the lower critical solution temperature) of PVME. In this case, the polymer tangles to each other and forms various aggregates, which can scatter incident light and ultrasonic waves greatly, resulting in the phase separation. Introduction of PAA decreases the temperature sensitivity of the phase behavior of the polymer. The nature of the inhibition is attributed to the complexation of PAA with PVME and the strong hydrophilicity of PAA. Results from fluorescence probe studies are in accordance with those from ultrasonic attenuation measurements, indicating again that the ultrasonic attenuation method can be successfully used for the qualitative studies of polymer conformations and complexation between polymers.     

Host-Guest Interactions between N,N＇-Bis（ferrocenylmethyl- ene）-Diaminobutane and Benzenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride Bridged Bis（β-cyclodextrin）s

A novel water soluble ditopic guest, the quaternary ammonium salt of N,N＇-bis（ferrocenylmethylene）-diaminobutane （1）, and a known water soluble ditopic host, benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride bridged bis（β-cyclodextrin）s （2）, have been synthesized and characterized. ^1H NMR spectra and cyclic voltammogram （CV） studies revealed the host-guest interactions between them in aqueous solution. The supramolecular interaction also exists in solid state as confirmed by the studies of the solid samples, which were obtained by frozen-drying the solution sampies, using FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） techniques. TEM measurement demonstrated that wire-shaped supramolecular aggregates exist in the aqueous solution of the two compounds. The lengths of the aggregates could reach micrometers.     

对苯二甲酸与2，2′-联吡啶构造的配合物结构多样性

在DMF溶剂中合成了[Co(H₂O)₄(2，2′-bipy)](bdc)和[Cu(2，2′-bipy)(bdc)(H₂O)](2H₂O)(DMF)二个配合物并进行了结构解析。配合物[Co(H₂O)₄(2，2′-bipy)](bdc)中，bdc^2-以离子形式未与金属配位，但与配位水分子形成了8个氢键，从而使分子结构扩展为二维双层氢键网络。在配合物[Cu(2     

透明胶纸制样法X—射线荧光光谱测定蒙脱石中的化学元素

本文提出以透明胶纸作为少量粉末样品的支持物来制备样片,采用透空照射法,在日本理学3080E3型X-射线荧光光谱仪上实现了蒙脱石中化学元素的定量测定。本法样品实际用量约10mg,制样与测量精度较好,标样及样品的分析结果与推荐值及AAS法分析结果基本一致,方法具有简单、快速、准确和成本低的特点,适用于少量样品和单矿物的分析。     

Microcalorimetric Study of the Biological Effects of Zn~(2+) on Bacillus thuringiensis Growth

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｌｏｒｉｍｅｔｒｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｈｅａｔｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｃｅｌｌｓａｎｄｗｈｏｌｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍ .1,2 Ｍｉ ｃｒｏｃａｌｏｒｉｍｅｔｒｙｉｓａｌｓｏｕｓｅｄｉｎｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｖａｒ ｉｏｕｓｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ .Ｍｉｌｅ…     

Starch Modifications to Improve the Paste Stabilities Both in Phase and Viscosity for Warp Sizing

Introduction Starchandpolyvinylalcohol(PVA)arecommonly usedtogetherinablendedpasteforsizingvarious synthetic/celluloseblendspunyarns.Tousestarch satisfactorily,thehotpasteofstarchmusthavesufficient viscositystabilitysinceunstablestarchpasteinviscosity tendstobecomethinning,thatis,theviscositydecreases withdelayoftime.Variationinpasteviscosityfluctuates sizeadd on,whichisseriouslyharmfultothequalitiesof sizedyarns.Tocompensateforthedefect,cross linking treatmentsareoftenappliedtostarchsizesto…