如何面向学生实际进行数学教学

克思列宁主义处理問題的方法,在于具体问題具体分析,也就是理論联系实际。理論联系实际是新教育的基本要求之一,新的教学过程是以辯証唯物主义世界观及系統的文化科学知識武裝学生的过程,教学的唯一对象是学生,因此,首先应該面向学生的实际。要联系学生实际,首先必須了解学生实际,才能使主客观一致而有效地进行教学。在数学課中,教师可以通过考試、提問、課堂練習、課外輔导、作業批改、个別談話、小型座談以及和班主任联系等方法,有計划有目的地了解学生的生活、思想、学習等各种实际,仔細分析,据以推动改进自己的教学。     

新型荧光试剂5-(4-氯苯偶氮)-8-水杨醛缩氨基喹啉的合成及荧光性质

首次合成了新型荧光试剂5-（4-氯苯偶氮）-8-水杨醛缩氨基喹啉（p-CIPSAQ）。通过IR、1HNMR确证了产物结构,初步测试了其荧光性能。     

Generations of dark hollow beams and their applications in laser cooling of atoms and all optical-type Bose－Einstein condensation

We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method. We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phase plates. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps. We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose－Einstein condensation (BEC). Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of ～ 2μK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollow beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned, hollow beam trap.     

Electrostatic surface guiding of cold polar molecules with a single charged wire

This paper proposes a scheme to guide cold polar molecules by using a single charged wire half embanked in an insulating substrate and a homogeneous bias electric field, which is generated by a plate capacitor composed of two infinite parallel metal plates. The spatial distributions of the electrostatic field produced by the combination of the charged wire and the plate capacitor and the corresponding Stark potentials (including dipole forces) for metastable CO molecules are calculated, the relationships between the electric field and the parameters of our charged-wire layout are analysed. It also studies the influences of the insulator on the electric field distribution and the discharge effect. This study shows that the proposed scheme can be used to guide cold polar molecules in the weak-field -- seeking states, and to form various molecule-optical elements, such as molecular funnel, molecular beam-splitters and molecule interferometer, even to construct a variety of integrated molecule-optical elements and their molecule chips.     

基于最优控制的新型非线性预测控制算法

在电站过程控制中定值调节占很大比例,控制系统的抗阶跃干扰性能非常重要。另外,基于机理模型的电站仿真机,能够模拟真实机组对运行人员进行培训。这种机理模型有很高的动、静态特性,完全可以用来作为预测模型,实现对未来时刻输出的预测。作者根据最优控制的设计思想,设计出了将模型预测控制和常规控制相结合的控制方案。此算法改善了对象特性,具有较强的抗干扰能力和鲁棒性,适用于大惯性、有自平衡能力的大多数热工控制对象,为非线性系统模型预测控制提供了一条新思路、新方法。     

Magnetic guide of cold atoms using a U-shaped current-carrying conductor

We propose a new scheme to magnetically guide cold neutral atoms using a U-shaped current carrying conductor. The spatial magnetic field distribution from the U-shaped current-carrying conductor and the relationship between the magnetic field and parameters of the U-shaped conductor are analysed. Our study shows that U-shaped current-carrying conductor can be used to realize single- or double-channel magnetic guiding of cold atoms in weak-field-seeking states and to construct various atom-optical elements. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the dynamic process of the guided atomic-beam splitting in an atomic-beam splitter composed by the U-shaped current-carrying conductor is studied, and some results are presented.     

1-氨基-2-(2'-甲基-4'-丙酸甲酯)苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌的合成

邻甲苯酚与丙烯腈经Friedel-Crafts反应得到了2-甲基-4-β-氰基乙基苯酚,其与1-氨基-2-溴-4-羟基蒽醌经亲核取代形成的产物经水解、酯化得到目标化合物。给出了该化合物及其中间体的质谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析、可见光谱及熔点等数据。     

由不同硫含氧酸盐引发的氟烷基化内酯化反应

以4-氯八氟碘代丁烷和4-戊烯酸生成含氟丁内酯的反应为模板,详细研究了不同硫含氧酸盐、溶剂和温度对反应的影响。实验结果表明：以二氧化硫脲、雕白粉、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、偏重亚硫酸钠等硫含氧酸盐为引发剂,4-氯八氟碘代丁烷和4-戊烯酸的氢氧化钠水溶液与乙腈或DMF为共溶剂,于20～55℃搅拌反应3～15h,后处理并通过柱层析得到含氟内酯产物。以二氧化硫脲为引发剂,乙腈为共溶剂(V(乙腈)：V(水)=1：1),在35。C下反应5h,得到的含氟内酯产率最高(84．3％)。在此条件下,其他含氟碘代烷与4-戊烯酸反应,得到相应的含氟内酯化合物,收率为72．7％～86．2％。     

Er~(3+)掺杂玻璃腔内增强激光冷却理论分析

近年来,掺Er3+的CdF2-CdCl2-NaF-BaF2-BaCl2-ZnF2玻璃已成为固体材料激光冷却领域中新的研究材料之一.本文利用激光器输出理论和驻波腔内共振增强原理分析了该材料的两种腔内增强激光的冷却,计算结果表明腔增强可获得几十到几百倍的增强因子.此外,比较了内腔和外腔这两种增强方案,研究结果表明,当材料的吸收比较小时,特别是材料长度小于0.3 mm时,采用内腔增强方案,腔内抽运功率高,冷却材料对激光的吸收大.然而当材料的吸收比较大时,特别是材料长度大于3 mm时,外腔增强方案更具优越性.最后,根据Er3+掺杂材料制冷工作波长和功率的要求,指出腔增强实验可通过半导体激光器来实现.     

Adiabatic cooling for cold polar molecules on a chip using a controllable high-efficiency electrostatic surface trap

We propose a controllable high-efficiency electrostatic surface trap for cold polar molecules on a chip by using two insulator-embedded charged rings and a grounded conductor plate. We calculate Stark energy structure pattern of ND3 molecules in an external electric field using the method of matrix diagonalization. We analyze how the voltages that are applied to the ring electrodes affect the depth of the efficient well and the controllability of the distance between the trap center and the surface of the chip. To obtain a better understanding, we simulate the dynamical loading and trapping processes of ND3 molecules in a ｜J, KM = ｜1,-1 state by using classical Monte–Carlo method. Our study shows that the loading efficiency of our trap can reach ～ 88%. Finally, we study the adiabatic cooling of cold molecules in our surface trap by linearly lowering the potential-well depth（i.e., lowering the trapping voltage）, and find that the temperature of the trapped ND3 molecules can be adiabatically cooled from 34.5 m K to ～ 5.8 m K when the trapping voltage is reduced from-35 k V to-3 k V.