SILEX-1装置上等离子体尾场加速电子初步实验

激光等离子体加速电子机制可以产生准单能的高能电子束, 近年来成为国际上的研究热点. 中国工程物理研究院激光装置已经能够达到286TW的输出功率, 为国内在该领域的研究提供了实验条件. 文章介绍了在SILEX-1装置上开展的激光等离子体加速电子的初步实验, 并对测得结果进行讨论, 为下一步实验的进行提供了准备条件.     

Self-Injection and Acceleration of Monoenergetic Electron Beams from Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Highly Relativistic Regime

Self-injection and acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators are first investigated in the highly relativistic regime, using 100 TW class, 27 fs laser pulses. Quasi-monoenergetic multi- bunched beams with energies as high as multi-hundredMeV are observed with simultaneous measurements of side-scattering emissions that indicate the formation of self-channelfing and self-injection of electrons into a plasma wake, referred to as a ＇bubble＇. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations confirmed multiple self-injection of electron bunches into the bubble and their beam acceleration with gradient of 1.5 GeV/cm.     

粉煤流化床低温干餾的研究

低溫干餾是煤綜合利用的重要途徑之一,与火力發电相結合的粉煤低溫干餾是切待解决的問題。在实验装置上研究用飽和空气为热載体,以流化床單反应器处理粘結性粉煤,获得了一定的結果,認为装置比較簡單,操作容易,收油率与处理强度也較高。現正进行处理能力为10吨/日的半工业試驗。     

强激光场中氘团簇的离子能谱与团簇尺度

在SILEX-Ⅰ装置上进行了超短超强激光与氘团簇相互作用的实验。采用法拉第筒测量了激光与氘团簇靶相互作用后发射出的氘离子能谱,并根据氘离子能谱计算出氘团簇的尺寸和分布。由于激光预脉冲的影响,得到了团簇的尺度比瑞利散射测量的结果小。这些结果对团簇源制备系统的改进和优化激光打靶有着重要的参考意义,而且可以为团簇尺度的测量提供一种新的方法。     

Dependence of Crystal Quality and β Value on Synthesis Temperature in Growing Gem Diamond Crystals

High quality Ib gem diamond single crystals were synthesized in cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus （SPD- 6 × 1200） under 5.4GPa and 1230℃-1280℃. The （100） face of seed crystal was used as growth face, and Ni70Mn25Co5 alloy was used as solvent/catalyst. The dependence of crystal quality andβ value （the ratio of height to diameter of diamond crystal） on synthesis temperature was studied. When the synthesis temperature is between 1230℃ and 1280℃, theβ value of the synthetic high-quality gem diamond crystals is between 0.4 and 0.6. The results show that when theβ value is between 0.4 and O. 45, the synthetic diamonds are sheet-shape crystals; however, when theβ value is between 0.45 and 0.6, the synthetic diamonds are tower-shape crystals. In addition, when theβ value is less than 0.4, skeleton crystals will appear. When theβ value is more than 0.6, most of the synthetic diamond crystals are inferior crystals.     

多层膜聚光镜对Schwarzschild显微镜成像均匀性的影响

提出了利用多层膜聚光镜提高Schwarzschild显微镜成像均匀性的方法。设计了聚光镜的光学结构,使80%的等离子体辐射能量会聚在约0.8 mm直径的范围内。根据成像系统的工作波长和光线在聚光镜表面的入射角度,设计了Mo/Si周期多层膜,制备了聚光镜光学元件,膜层周期厚度为9.64 nm,周期数为30,对18.2 nm波长的峰值反射率为51.7%。利用所设计的聚光镜作为照明系统,对Schwarzschild物镜进行了网格成像实验。结果表明:在1.2 mm视场内可以实现2.5 μm的空间分辨力,并且完全消除了物镜中心遮拦所造成的像面光强分布不均匀性。     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

Characterization of relativistic electrons generated by a cone guiding laser pulse

We demonstrated the interaction of a gold cone target with a femto second(fs) laser pulse above the relativistic intensity of 1.37×10 18 μm 2 W/cm 2.Relativistic electrons with energy above 2 MeV were observed.A 25%-40% increase of the electron temperature is achieved compared to the case when a plane gold target is used.The electron temperature increase results from the guiding of the laser beam at the tip and the intense quasistatic magnetic field in the cone geometry.The behavior of the relativistic electrons is verified in our 2D-PIC simulations.     

氨滑动弧等离子体激励的数值建模

在双碳背景下，氨的使用及其燃烧难题的解决受到国内外学者的重视。针对改善氨燃烧问题，研究了二维流体动力学-零维反应动力学-燃烧动力学思路，分析了滑动弧等离子体条件下氨的裂解和燃烧特性。利用COMSOL计算软件建立了考虑电磁的二维流体计算模型，研究了滑动弧在反应器中的演化；建立了适用于氨的零维滑动弧模型，研究了滑动弧中全电离-转捩-非平衡3个阶段的温度和组分演化规律；利用CHEMKIN计算软件建立了燃烧模型，评估了等离子体对NH₃/air混合气燃烧特性的影响，此外对在混合气中添加CH₄进行了分析。结果表明，等离子体能够促进氨的裂解，降低氨的点火延迟时间，并且提高其层流燃烧速度，但是在混合气中将部分等离子体条件下的NH₃替换为CH₄后，整体燃烧效果有所下降。     

试论《洪水》杂志与时代的互动

《洪水》作为创造社出版部的一份重要刊物,一方面,紧跟时代发展潮流,凸显刊物的价值追求,要破坏旧世界,创造新世界,另一方面,积极营造公共空间,努力争取读者支持,摈弃大量商业性广告,凸显文学本色,从而扩大杂志的影响力与号召力,发挥杂志媒介的社会功能和政治功能。