~(12)C ~(159)Tb、Ag和~(89)Y核反应中发射轻粒子的测量

本文报道了用71.5MeV的~(12)C重离子轰打~(159)Tb、Ag和~(89)Y靶,测出了发射α粒子的能谱和角分布,以及发射氘和质子的一些角分布。所测到的α颗子能谱为钟罩形连续谱,其最可几能量接近于库仑位垒。对于~(159)Tb靶和Ag靶,α粒子角分布在近于或小于擦边角处成峰;而对~(89)Y靶,从最小测量角(40°)开始,微分截面随角度增加单调下降。α粒子发射截面均远远大于统计级联蒸发截面值。发射质子与氘的角分布,均随角度增加呈指数下降趋势,它表现出前平衡发射的特征。为了解释α粒子角分布中的各向异性部分,提出了强阻尼粘合转动的概念,它是以不完全熔合反应模型作为基础的。     

铀矿坑水样中铀电沉积层的表征

描述了硫酸铵溶液中铀矿坑水样品中铀的电沉积层特性。 电沉积液为10 ml 0.8 M的硫酸铵溶液, 电流密度0.6 A/cm2, pH值为2.5, 电镀1 h。 电沉积经化学分离后的水样品和电沉积的纯硝酸铀酰样品进行了比较, 并对二者分别做了红外(IR)光谱、 扫描电镜(SEM)、 元素分析以及α能谱测量。 IR谱上铀酰离子的反对称伸缩振动峰在887 cm-1附近, 使电沉积在不锈钢片上的铀主要以铀酰离子水合物的形式存在, 有一部分NH+4以NH3的形式替代水合物中的水, 使电沉积层中铀的化合物形式为UO2(OH)2·xNH3·yH2O或者UO2(OH)2-x·(ONH4)x·yH2O, 铀酰离子通过链的形式形成聚合结构。 SEM照片显示电沉积层均匀, 没堆积成团现象出现。 α谱表明电沉积层中铀的同位素主要是238U和234U, 相应的α能量峰4198和4773 keV很显著, 没其它峰的干扰。 Characteristics of electrodeposited uranium films of uranium ore water sample in ammonium sulphate was investigated in this work. The optimized electrodeposited conditions were as follows: electrolyte was ammonium sulphate of 0.8 M, and current density at the cathode was 0.6 A/cm2, electrolyte pH value was 2.5, the time of plating on the electrodeposition was 1 h. In this situation, the uniform, thin and adheresive films were produced by electrodeposition method. Two samples were made, one electrodeposition of pure uranyl nitrate, and another electrodeposition of uranium ore water sample after chemical separation. Characteristics of electrodeposited uranium films of uranium ore water sample after chemical separation was studied, making comparisons with electrodeposited films of uranyl nitrate. The analysis of film characteristics was done through infrared (IR) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), element analysis and α spectrum measurment. According to Fourier transform infrared spectra, the asymmetric stretching vibration band of uranyl group is around 887 cm-1. In addition, according to IR spectrum, we know that uranium exists mainly as the form of hydrated polymeric compound in the film. Electrodeposited uranium films also included many NH+4. Polymeric structures of variable composition were present in the electrodeposited samples, with the unit monomeric formula UO2(OH)2·xNH3·yH2O or UO2(OH)2-x·(ONH4)x·yH2O. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the two samples have similar surface characteristics and no cluster is observed. The samples were also measured by spectrometer equipped with Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon(PIPS) detector. From the α spectrum, we know that isotopes of uranium in the film are 238U and 234U. 235U is not found in the α spectrum. It also shows that the chemical separation process can isolate uranium from other interfering elements effectively, the result of chemical separation is very satisfactory and electrodeposited process is rather efficient. Source electrodeposited in ammonium sulphate through optimized conditions satisfies the need of high resolution α spectrum.     

用二-2-乙基己基磷酸从盐酸溶液中萃取Th(Ⅳ)

用二-2-乙基己基磷酸(HDEHP)做萃取剂,Na2CO3做反萃剂,234Th为示踪剂,完成了从盐酸溶液中液-液萃取Th(IV)的实验研究。在不同萃取条件下(包括HDEHP和Na2CO3溶液浓度、震荡时间、有机相和水相比值等)对234Th百分萃取(或反萃取)作了一系列实验。发现,随HDEHP浓度的增加,234Th的萃取效率明显增加。当HDEHP的浓度≥20%时,234Th的萃取效率>97%;用Na2CO3溶液能有效地从有机相中反萃出234Th,当Na2CO3溶液的浓度≥0.5mol/L时,234Th的反萃效率>96%;反萃时,震荡周期长于4min时,两相能达到反萃平衡;随有机相和水相比值的增加,234Th的萃取效率也明显地增加,在合适的萃取条件下,有机相与水相比值≥4:1时,高达97%的234Th进入有机相。     

208Hg鉴别

本文较详细地描述了新丰中子核素²⁰⁸Hg的鉴别及半衰期测定程序.²⁰⁸Hg的鉴别采用了二步离线化学分离:第一步是基于热色谱原理的高效、高选择性的Hg产物收集,第二步是周期性地提取生长起来的T1.在提取的T1样品中观察到半衰期约3min的2614.6keVγ活性.该γ活性可归结为由²⁰⁸Hg β^－衰变而生长起来的²⁰⁸T1的衰变γ.     

粘红酵母对铀的吸附研究

研究了粘红酵母对水溶液中铀的吸附行为,发现其吸附铀的最佳pH值为6～7,最大吸附量为149.4 mgU·g-1,其吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温方程符合较好,相关系数R-2达到0.99;比较吸附铀前后牯红酵母的红外光谱图发现,吸附过铀的菌体的红外光谱在904cm-1处出现了一个新的峰,此峰为UO2的伸缩振动峰,说明粘红酵母确实对铀发生了吸附作用.此外,氨基或羟基的伸缩振动峰由3 309移至3 287cm-1,细胞壁中碳水化合物或醇中C-O键伸缩振动发生位移,由1 068移至1 080cm-1,说明这些基团可能参与了吸附过程;蛋白质的特征吸收峰(1 653,1 540,1 237cm-1)在吸附前后基本无明显变化,表明粘红酵母的主要成分及结构仍保持完整.吸附后的菌体利用0.1 mol·L-1的NaHCO3处理后可解吸出其中96%的铀,可见该菌在铀矿废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

核裂变碎片角分布与鞍点核形状

用天然白云母作为裂变碎片探测器,测量了78兆电子伏¹²C离子轰击¹⁶⁹Tm、¹⁷⁵Lu、¹⁸¹Ta、¹⁹⁷Au、²⁰⁹Bi、²³²Th、²³⁸U等7种同位素以及能量为96.6 92.288.1 79.0 75.6兆电子伏的¹⁴N离子轰击天然Pb的裂变反应碎片角分布.用哈尔彭（Halpern）和斯图金斯基（Strutinski）裂变碎片角分布理论符合,从碎片角分布各向异性计算可裂变核在鞍点的有效转动惯量.实验上推出来的鞍点核形状同液滴模型的理论予示作了比较.     

用单能γ射线源校刻β塑料闪烁体能谱仪

本文介绍了一种简单、方便而又能精确刻度β塑料闪烁体能谱仪的实用方法.实验使用了₂₂Na、₁₃₇Cs、₅₄Mn和₂₀₇Bi等4个γ标准源对β塑料闪烁体能谱仪进行了精确的能量刻度,选取了β能谱仪对单能γ射线响应的康普顿能谱后缘的半高点作为能量参照点.并根据此结果分析处理了₉₀Sr-₉₀Y源的β能谱,其端点能量为2.298±0.90MeV.     

Determination for β-delayed fission probability of 230Ac

The 230Ra has been produced via 232Th-2p reaction induced by 60 MeV/u 18O ion irradia-tion of natural thorium. The radium was radiochemically separated from the mixture of thorium andreaction products. Thin Ra sources in which 230Ac was got through 230Ra β- → 230Ac were pre-pared for observing fission fragments from β-delayed fission of 230Ac. The sources were exposedto the mica fission track detectors and measured by the HPGe γ detector. The precursor 230Ac wasidentified by means of observed two fission events as well as γ spectra, and the β-delayed fissionprobability of 230Ac was obtained to be (1.19±0.85) × 10-8.     

新重丰中子核237Th的合成和鉴别

用14MeV中子照射(NH₄)₂U₂O₇粉末,通过²³⁸U(n,2p)²³⁷Th反应产生了新的重丰中子同位素²³⁷Th,并用放射化学方法分离了它.借助于跟踪其子体²³⁷pa的γ射线的时间序列谱首次鉴别了这个新活性.利用递次衰变分析程序得到了²³⁷Th的半衰期为5.0±0.9min.另外,发现了一条能量为35.1±0.3keV T_1/2=5.0±1.1min的新γ射线并指定它为²³⁷Th衰变.     

中能12C+197Au产物中Ir的同位素分布观测

以¹²C(47MeV/u)+¹⁹⁷Au靶,通过化学分离及γ谱学方法获得了Ir和Pt同位素产额. 用测到的Pt累积产额对相应Ir同位素做了照射期内母体衰变修正,从而获得了很好的Ir同位素分布. 讨论了A>170丰中子核产生截面、截面的Q_gg系统性和剩余激发能的问题.