基于深度学习的中医古文献临床经验抽取

中医古文献蕴藏着丰富的临床经验，是古代中医在行医过程中对临床诊疗的经验性总结，体现了中医学形成和发展的理论框架和思想基础.然而这些宝贵的临床经验不仅量大，而且分散在不同的文献中，使得中医从业者手工很难快速全面地获取它们，文献检索工具也只能提供文档级别的信息筛选，无法为这种细粒度的信息获取提供支持.此外，古汉语相对于现代汉语的不同特点也限制了主流文本分析工具的使用效果.为此本文提出面向临床经验获取的中医古文献信息抽取任务，用于识别古文献中描述临床经验的文本片段，手工标注了样本数据用于这种抽取模型的训练和测试，并设计了基于深度学习的序列标注器用于完成该任务.考虑到标注数据量小可能带来的过度拟合问题，本文引入对抗训练和虚拟对抗训练来增强模型的泛化能力.一系列充分的实验验证了模型的有效性，表明利用信息抽取技术从古文献获取中医临床经验具有可行性，为这一新的信息抽取任务提供了有希望的研究基线和可复用的标注数据集.     

Hitherto-Unexplored Photodynamic Therapy of Ag2S and Enhanced Regulation Based on Polydopamine In Vitro and Vivo

Given their superior penetration depths, photosensitizers with longer absorption wavelengths present broader application prospects in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, Ag₂S quantum dots were discovered, for the first time, to be capable of killing tumor cells through the photodynamic route by near-infrared light irradiation, which means relatively less excitation of the probe compared with traditional photosensitizers absorbing short wavelengths. On modification with polydopamine (PDA), PDA-Ag₂S was obtained, which showed outstanding capacity for inducing reactive oxygen species (increased by 1.69 times). With the addition of PDA, Ag₂S had more opportunities to react with surrounding O₂, which was demonstrated by typical triplet electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. Furthermore, the PDT effects of Ag₂S and PDA-Ag₂S achieved at longer wavelengths were almost identical to the effects produced at 660 nm, which was proved by studies in vitro. PDA-Ag₂S showed distinctly better therapeutic effects than Ag₂S in experiments in vivo, which further validated the enhanced regulatory effect of PDA. Altogether, a new photosensitizer with longer absorption wavelength was developed by using the hitherto-unexplored photodynamic function of Ag₂S quantum dots, which extended and enhanced the regulatory effect originating from PDA.     

抗坏血酸/谷氨酸Maillard反应体系中间产物和褐变程度的研究

用磷酸缓冲溶液配制一系列不同质量分数的抗坏血酸/谷氨酸混合溶液pH8.0并在130℃下加热发生Maillard反应,对反应后体系的中间产物(A294nm)、褐变程度(A420nm)以及反应过程中抗坏血酸和谷氨酸的含量进行检测分析.结果显示,抗坏血酸通过热解产物与氨基酸发生Maillard反应,抗坏血酸质量分数的增大能促进反应体系的褐变,谷氨酸质量分数对反应体系褐变程度的影响不大.任意增大一种反应物的质量分数均可对无色中间产物的生成起促进作用,且抗坏血酸对中间产物生成的影响大于谷氨酸.     

氧化还原介体催化强化污染物厌氧降解研究进展

 由于厌氧生物处理技术具有产生剩余污泥少、可回收能源等优点而被广泛用于处理各种有机污染物，尤其在有毒、有害、难降解污染物的去除方面取得了良好的效果。然而，厌氧生物法的处理速率通常比较低，而氧化还原介体可通过自身不断的氧化和还原来传递电子，提高电子在氧化还原反应过程中的传递速率，从而促进污染物高效厌氧降解。醌类物质和腐殖酸是应用较多的氧化还原介体，在催化难降解污染物降解方面取得了一定效果。讨论了氧化还原介体的特点、作用机制，并总结了其对偶氮染料厌氧脱色、反硝化和多氯联苯厌氧降解的强化作用，提出了氧化还原介体未来的研究方向。     

A post curing strategy toward the feasible covalent adaptable networks in polyacrylate latex films

The implementation of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) in general resin system is becoming attractive. In this work, we propose a simple post-curing strategy based on the core-shell structured acrylate latex for the achievement on both the improved general performance and the CANs characteristics in latex films. The building to the CANs was relied on the introduction of 4,4′-diaminophenyl disulfide as the curing agent, which cured the acetoacetoxy decorated shell polymer through the ketoamine reaction. The metathesis reaction of aromatic disulfides in the crosslinking segments enabled the thermally induced dynamic behavior of the network as revealed in the stress relaxation tests by comparison with other diamine crosslinking agents without the incorporation of disulfide. The synergism of the dynamic crosslinking of the shell polymer and static crosslinking in the core polymer contributed to the improved mechanical strength (15 MPa, strain% = 250%) and the suppressed water adsorption (~1% in 24 h of soaking) of the latex film, which exhibited above 90% of recovery in both strength and strain from a cut-off film damage within 1 h at 80°C. Moreover, the cured latex film could be recycled, and 75% of the mechanical performance was regained after three fragmentation-hot-pressing cycles. These, in addition with the feasible and environmental friendly characteristics, suggest a sustainable paradigm toward the smart thermosetting latex polymers.     

变频调速泵在滤池反冲洗中的节能效果

为了响应现在我国大力倡导的节能的政策,决定将滤池反冲洗中所用的水泵进行改造,把原来的高位水箱反冲洗系统改为利用变频技术.采用水泵直接反冲洗来达到节能的目的,计算了滤池反冲洗采用变频调速泵所节约的电耗,并对其节能效果进行了分析.     

老旧机动车淘汰更新及补贴政策的成本有效性分析——以北京市为例

以氮氧化物和PM_2.5削减量为减排效果评估指标, 以车辆残值成本、政策执行成本、燃油成本节约为社会成本指标, 借助单位减排产生的社会成本(社会成本/减排量比值), 对北京市2011年6月至2020年12月老旧机动车淘汰更新及补贴政策的实施效果进行成本有效性分析。结果表明, 研究覆盖期内, 该政策的成本有效性并非单调递减, 而是呈现阶段性和结构性特点: 在重点淘汰柴油货车时期, 政策成本有效性最佳, 在重点淘汰国III汽油车时期, 成本有效性较差, 两者氮氧化物及PM_2.5单位污染物减排成本分别相差14倍和34倍; 随着车型拓展到更高排放标准, 淘汰小型客车的成本有效性呈下降趋势, 国III和国IV排放标准的小型客车减排潜力已较为有限, 且成本有效性远低于政策早期; 淘汰重型货车的成本有效性较高, 且在部分时期存在社会成本的节约。建议后续相关政策的制定应基于成本有效性, 审慎地将排放标准更高的小型客车纳入该政策管制范围, 应更关注重型柴油货车加速淘汰的政策设计优化。     

用于有机磷农药及其水解产物可视化检测的荧光探针制备及性质研究

使用氯金酸和柠檬酸三钠回流法合成出荧光吸收峰在520 nm的金纳米颗粒,并与罗丹明B修饰合成探针.金纳米颗粒与罗丹明B发生荧光共振能量转移(FRET)作用使罗丹明B的荧光淬灭.在加入毒死蜱之后,毒死蜱及其水解产物能有效取代罗丹明B,使荧光恢复.金纳米颗粒探针对毒死蜱及其水解产物的浓度响应区间为(0～0.1)mm,低至0.1 nm也有响应,且荧光变化迅速,从而能够快速有效地检测超痕量有机磷农药毒死蜱及其水解产物.     

数控仿真中切削面计算的并行化研究

针对高离散精度模型与刀具包围体进行切削计算的情况,由于三维图像重建的计算量大,基于传统CPU实现的数控加工仿真系统不能满足实时性的三维绘制。本文利用GPU的并行性特点,提出并行方式数控仿真切削面显示算法:通过线程并行处理基于MC算法的实体构造模型中体素与刀具包围体的切削计算,根据切削后体素角点信息和边的状态查找建立的构型索引表和交点数目索引表,加速数控仿真切削面的提取,从而提高三维图像的绘制速度,满足实时性显示要求。