Retrieval of column-averaged volume mixing ratio of CO2 with ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption

The total column-averaged volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide （Xco2） has been retrieved with high spectral resolution solar absorption data obtained from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer （FTS） measurements at Xichong, a coastal site in the district of Shenzhen in southern China. Based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） theory, the Xco2 was retrieved by finding the best match of observed high spectral resolution solar absorption data and monochromatic radia- tion transfer model calculations. The averaged Xco2 in the whole observation period was about 394.9 ppm. The uncertainty of the retrieval was estimated to be 2.0 ppm （0.51%） by comparing retrievals at two bands. The preliminary results show that Xc% retrieved by this method can be used to validate satellite remote sensing of Xco2.     

北京市冬季PM2.5中碳组分的测量与分析

使用两台较先进的仪器,Aethalometer和Sunset碳分析仪(TOT),同时同地检测北京大气PM_2.5的碳组分。实验发现：两台仪器的监测结果有较好的线性相关性和一致性(R²=0.80);EC（Elemental Carbon）和OC（Organic Carbon）有较好的线性相关性(R²=0.82);OC/EC的比值白天较夜间高、正常天气较逆温天气较高、逆温天气下白天与夜间差别不大,OC/EC平均值约4.76;并分析了用OC/EC的比值大于2判断是否存在二次污染的片面性。     

Study on variational aerosol fields over Beijing and its adjoining areas derived from Terra-MODIS and ground sunphotometer observation

East Asia is one of areas with larger sulfide emis-sions, and in recent years, more sulfur-rich gases are emitted into the atmosphere along with the rapid growth of economy. A great amount of sulfate aerosol produced in industrial activities not only degrades the environment but also affects the regional climate. In China, besides the sulfate aerosol produced, the dust particle is also one of main aerosols in the atmosphere. According to observa-tions, the soil-origin aerosol still poses the …     

雷达估测降水模拟史灌河流域径流

运用雷达联合少量雨量计方法估测流域面雨量,结合GAME/HUBEX国际合作项目1998年加强观测期在史灌河流域获取的水文观测资料和TOPMODEL进行降水径流模拟,并与稠密雨量计站网测量的面雨量进行流域出口流量模拟的对比试验.在1500小时时间序列的比较试验表明,雷达估测面雨量和雨量计测量的面雨量都能较好地模拟每小时流域出口蒋集的出流量,数值试验还表明,雷达估测面雨量在某一时段上的均值误差作为一个指标可以较好地反映其应用于降水径流模拟时的精度;总雨量和强降水的估测精度是雷达估测面雨量能否用于径流模拟的关键.     

Experimental demonstration of tripartite entanglement and controlled dense coding for continuous variables

A tripartite entangled state of bright optical field is experimentally produced using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state for continuous variables and linear optics. The controlled dense coding among a sender, a receiver, and a controller is demonstrated by exploiting the tripartite entanglement. The obtained three-mode "position" correlation and relative "momentum" correlation between the sender and the receiver, and thus the improvements of the measured signal to noise ratios of amplitude and phase signals with respect to the shot noise limit are 3.28 and 3.18 dB, respectively. If the mean photon number n equals 11 the channel capacity can be controllably inverted between 2.91 and 3.14. When n is larger than 1.0 and 10.52, the channel capacity of the controlled dense coding is predicted to exceed the ideal single channel capacity of coherent and squeezed state light communication, respectively.     

Influence of atmospheric ice nucleus concentrations on cold cloud radiant properties and cold cloud reflectivity changes in past years

CLOUD CAN INFLUENCE GLOBAL RADIATIVE BALANCE TO A LARGE EXTENT.ITS RADIATIVE FORCING CAN BE VERY IMPORTANT TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE[1,2].CLOUD HAS BOTH UMBRELLA EFFECT AND WARM HOUSE EFFECT.NET RADIATIVE FORCING OF CLOUD IS THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO EFFE…     

基于原子系综四波混频过程的量子信息协议

与经典体系相比,量子信息协议在大幅提高信息处理的安全性、保真度和容量方面具有巨大的优势。各种具有不同功能的量子信息协议已经被提出并实现。介绍了利用铷原子四波混频过程构建一套能兼容多种不同量子信息协议的多功能平台。基于这个平台可以实现并行9通道全光量子隐形传态,部分无实体量子态传输和最优N→M相干态量子克隆协议。更重要的是,部分无实体量子态传输协议可以同时连接全光量子隐形传态协议和最优1→M相干态量子克隆协议。这些量子信息协议在全光量子通信中具有潜在的应用。     

MODIS卫星监测中国东部地区地面颗粒物的样本时间代表性分析

选取2011年中国东部地区428个测站的PM10质量浓度资料, 用Terra和Aqua MODIS AOD产品的时间分布作为指示数据, 检验日、月、季、年时间尺度下, 卫星过境时刻地面PM数据(SATPM)对地面所有时刻数据平均值(ALLPM)的代表性。结果发现, 在东部大部分地区, SATPM与ALLPM的相对误差在±20%以 内, 且Aqua-MODIS代表性更好。此外, 结合两颗卫星的数据, 经拟合订正获得了新的日、年时间尺度上PM10质量浓度数据, 将其与ALLPM的相关系数从0.87和0.83提高到0.90。此检验结果对于检验卫星数据反演 的PM2.5的代表性也有一定指导意义。     

云中液水含量与云光学厚度的统计关系研究

利用地基双波段微波辐射计积分液水含量资料、由飞机观测资料计算所得的积分液水含量与EOS(earth observing system)/MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectro-radiometer)云产品的云光学厚度分别进行了相应计算,得到了云光学厚度与液水含量的两关系式。结果发现两组数据的拟合线斜率十分接近,前者关系式比后者更为合理。应用此关系式推算了某时刻的云中液水含量分布,并用于验证MODIS反演的液水路径,发现在层云覆盖下二者有很好的一致性。     

Realization of low frequency and controllable bandwidth squeezing based on a four-wave-mixing amplifier in rubidium vapor

We experimentally demonstrate the creation of two correlated beams generated by a nondegenerate four-wave-mixing amplifier at λ=795 nm in hot rubidium vapor. We achieve intensity difference squeezing at frequencies as low as 1.5 kHz which is so far the lowest frequency to observe squeezing in an atomic system. The squeezing spans from 5.5 to 16.5 MHz with a maximum squeezing of -5 dB at 1 MHz. We can control the squeezing bandwidth by changing the pump power. Both low frequency and controllable bandwidth squeezing show great potential in sensitivity detection and precise control of the atom optics measurement.