用C60为空穴缓冲层的高效率有机电致发光器件

以富勒烯C60作为空穴注入缓冲层，在结构为ITO／C60／TPD／Alq3/LiF/Al的器件中，改善了器件的发光效率。研究了C60厚度对器件发光特性的影响。当C60厚度为1.6nm时，器件发光效率最高。在电流密度为100mA/cm^2时，该器件的效率比没有缓冲层的器件提高近一倍。     

Eu3+掺杂MMoO4(M=Ca,Sr)荧光粉的表征及发光性质

本文采用简易的Pechini方法制备了Eu3+掺杂MMoO4(M=Ca,Sr)红色荧光粉.产物的结构、形貌和性质分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光发射谱(PL)和激发谱(PLE)进行表征分析.XRD表明反应得到了纯相目标掺杂产物,SEM照片显示两种体系掺杂产物形貌均匀性不同,Eu3+掺杂C...     

Fabrication of large‐sized silica monolith exceeding 1000 mL with high structural homogeneity

Reproducible fabrication of the hierarchically porous monolithic silica in a large volume exceeding 1000 mL has been established. By the hydrothermal enlargement of the fully accessible small pores to exceed 50 nm in diameter, the capillary force emerged on solvent evaporation was dramatically reduced, which allowed the preparation of crack‐free monoliths with evaporative solvent removal under an ambient pressure. The local temperature inhomogeneity within a reaction vessel in a large volume was precisely controlled to cancel the heat evolved by the hydrolysis reaction of tetramethoxysilane and that consumed to melt ice cubes dispersed in the solution, resulting in large monolithic silica pieces with improved structural homogeneity. Homogeneity of the pore structure was confirmed, both on macro‐ and mesoscales, using SEM, mercury intrusion, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. Furthermore, the deviations in chromatographic performance were examined by evaluating multiple smaller monolithic columns prepared from the monolithic silica pieces cut from different parts of a large monolith. All the daughter columns thus prepared exhibited comparable performances to each other to prove the overall homogeneity of the mother monolith. Preliminary results on high‐speed separation of peptides and proteins by the octadecylsilylated silica monolith of the above production have also been demonstrated.     

Biocatalytic Performance of pH‐Sensitive Magnetic Nanoparticles Derived from Layer‐by‐Layer Ionic Self‐Assembly of Chitosan with Glucoamylase

Based on the characteristics of polycations of chitosan and glucoamylase, which are oppositely charged, they were successfully alternatingly deposited onto the surface of aldehyde‐modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by using a layer‐by‐layer ion exchange method to form magnetic carriers to construct multilayer films (designated as Fe₃O₄@(CS/GA)_n). The (CS/GA)_n film systems were endowed with the pH‐dependent properties of chitosan as well as the catalytic activity of glucoamylase. The changes in weight loss and surface chemistry, morphology, and magnetic sensitivity were monitored and verified by UV/Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, TEM, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. Subsequently, the influence of the number of bilayers, storage stability, pH, temperature, and reusability of Fe₃O₄@(CS/GA)₅ biocatalysts on catalytic activity were investigated. The results from characterization and determination remarkably indicate that Fe₃O₄@(CS/GA)₅ presents excellent catalytic activity, storage stability, pH stability, and reusability in comparison with free enzyme. Fe₃O₄@(CS/GA)₅ retained >60 % of its initial activity at 65 °C over 6 h; the optimum temperature and pH also increased to the ranges of 45–65 °C and 2.5–3.5, respectively, and only 27 % activity was lost after 10 cycles. This new strategy simplifies the reaction protocol and improves encapsulation efficiency and catalytic activity for new potential applications in biotechnology.     

杯[4]吡咯与含氧阴离子及其离子对弱相互作用的理论研究

在M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p)计算水平上,对杯[4]吡咯(CP)与3种不同构型的含氧阴离子OH-(C(v)、NO3-(D3h)、ClO4-(Td)形成的组装体系进行了理论研究。比较了各体系的构型、结合能、自然键轨道(NBO),利用多功能波函数软件Multiwfn对相互作用力等进行可视化分析。结果发现,无论主-客体的组装计量比是1∶1还是2∶1,阴离子的构型直接影响组装体系的构型。阴离子空间构型越大、整体电负性越强,越倾向于2∶1复合体系。考虑到杯[4]吡咯是典型的离子对受体,本文还研究了主体与NH4+-阴离子的离子对体系的相互作用。在离子对的组装过程中,由于阴、阳离子间的作用占据了主导,从而减弱了阴离子与主体间氢键作用,无论阴离子构型如何,主体与离子对的组装都倾向于1∶1的作用体系。本文结果对深入理解杯吡咯类受体的离子识别作用本质,拓展该类超分子主体的应用范围具有重要的理论意义。     

DNA功能化纳米金用于生物小分子检测

纳米金是金的微小颗粒,在水溶液中以胶体金的形态存在。胶体金的颜色会随着其粒径及表面修饰差异而发生变化,这种颜色变化可通过肉眼观察;同时,这种改变会产生强烈的光散射或光吸收信号。基于这种信号而建立的纳米金比色检测法,已被广泛用于生物分子(如核酸、蛋白质、多糖甚至是细胞)的检测。DNA功能化纳米生物传感器是利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能实现特定基因片段的持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测。本文结合最近十年的研究现状,主要论述了DNA功能化纳米金用于比色检测法的原理及用于核酸、蛋白质和部分生物小分子的检测,并评述了其中的挑战和前景。     

富营养化水体中植物的元素吸收与净化能力的关系

研究了不同植物在两种程度富营养化水中对元素的去除率及对富营养化成分的去除率。在重度富营养化水中，蒸腾强度高的植物对水中各成分均具较好的净化效果；而在轻度富营养化水中，所研究的植物间没有共同趋势。另外，可根据不同植物对环境的各自适应方式将其用于净化不同类型的污水。其中，灯芯草和空心菜不需元素补给，在重度和轻度富营养化水中均具较好的净化能力；鸭跖草是耐阴植物，有适度遮荫时净化效果较好；菩提子用于净化重度富营养化水时需补给适量的常量营养元素；芦苇在轻度富营养化水中净化能力较好，也适合用于盐离子浓度高的重度富营养化水净化；萱草和石菖蒲在两种水中净化效果接近，但不如上述植物，其优势是能赵冬生长。     

甲烷催化裂解制氢技术研究进展

综述了甲烷催化裂解制氢的机理、影响因素以及催化剂的失活与再生,对影响甲烷催化裂解活性的因素如催化剂种类、载体种类、反应条件等方面进行了详细的论述。     

光控MOS栅固态继电器的电路分析与模拟

光控MOS栅固态继电器是由MOS栅控晶闸管、开关三极管、光电耦合器、增强型MOSFET和齐纳二极管组成的新型开关器件。文章提出了光控MOS栅固态继电器的电路结构，详细分析了它的工作原理及其光电特性。