全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5912篇 |
免费 | 866篇 |
国内免费 | 538篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3266篇 |
晶体学 | 43篇 |
力学 | 278篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
数学 | 483篇 |
物理学 | 1712篇 |
无线电 | 1484篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 29篇 |
2023年 | 212篇 |
2022年 | 205篇 |
2021年 | 255篇 |
2020年 | 281篇 |
2019年 | 210篇 |
2018年 | 171篇 |
2017年 | 170篇 |
2016年 | 267篇 |
2015年 | 234篇 |
2014年 | 309篇 |
2013年 | 346篇 |
2012年 | 477篇 |
2011年 | 444篇 |
2010年 | 338篇 |
2009年 | 349篇 |
2008年 | 358篇 |
2007年 | 333篇 |
2006年 | 341篇 |
2005年 | 251篇 |
2004年 | 169篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 145篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 127篇 |
1999年 | 136篇 |
1998年 | 114篇 |
1997年 | 122篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 114篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 77篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7316条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
931.
With ultrasonic irradiation as assistance, highly dispersed MoO(3) nanospheres were synthesized using silane coupling agent 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane HS-(CH(2))(3)Si(OCH(3))(3) (MPTS) as figuration agent. The results of X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) showed that the precursor was hexagonal molybdenum oxide hydrate (MoO(3).0.55H(2)O). It was converted into orthorhombic MoO(3) after annealed at 400 degrees C for 2h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that MoO(3).0.55H(2)O and MoO(3) nanoparticles were spherical with particle-size distribution of ca. 30-80 nm and 25-75 nm, respectively. Results indicated that MPTS and ultrasonic irradiation played important role in formation of highly dispersed MoO(3) nanospheres. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also adopted to confirm the growth mechanism. The possible cause of formation was based on dispersion function of ultrasonic irradiation and figuration of MPTS. 相似文献
932.
Zhongzhi Zhang Shuigeng Zhou Zhan Su Tao Zou Jihong Guan 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,65(1):141-147
In this paper, we define a stochastic Sierpinski gasket, on the basis of which we construct a network called random Sierpinski
network (RSN). We investigate analytically or numerically the statistical characteristics of RSN. The obtained results reveal
that the properties of RSN is particularly rich, it is simultaneously scale-free, small-world, uncorrelated, modular, and
maximal planar. All obtained analytical predictions are successfully contrasted with extensive numerical simulations. Our
network representation method could be applied to study the complexity of some real systems in biological and information
fields. 相似文献
933.
Zhenjiang Qiu Mingxiang Zhu Lu Zheng Jingya Li Dapeng Zou Yangjie Wu Yusheng Wu 《Tetrahedron letters》2019,60(19):1321-1324
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of α-benzyl azetidines starting from benzylboronic acid pinacol ester derivatives and 3-iodoazetidine was developed. A wide range of α-benzyl azetidine derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity (>99%). 相似文献
934.
Weigang Zhang Zhenlei Zou Yuanheng Wang Yi Wang Yong Liang Zhengguang Wu Youxuan Zheng Yi Pan 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(2):634-637
Redox‐active esters (RAEs) as alkyl radical precursors have been extensively developed for C?C bond formations. However, the analogous transformations of fluoroalkyl radicals from the corresponding acid or ester precursors remain challenging because of the high oxidation potential of the fluoroalkyl carboxylate anions. The newly developed N‐hydroxybenzimidoylchloride (NHBC) ester provides a general leaving group assisted strategy to generate a portfolio of fluoroalkyl radicals, and can be successfully applied in photoinduced decarboxylative hydrofluoroalkylation and heteroarylation of unactivated olefins. In addition, DFT calculations revealed that the NHBC ester proceeds by the fluorocarbon radical pathway, whereas other well‐known RAEs proceed by the nitrogen radical pathway. 相似文献
935.
Haichun Zeng Guoping Yin Qian Wei Dehai Li Yi Wang Youcai Hu Changhua Hu Yi Zou 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(20):6641-6645
Fenestranes, a specific class of natural products, contain four fused rings that share a central quaternary carbon atom. The fungal natural product penifulvin A ( 1 ) is a potent insecticidal sesquiterpene that features the [5.5.5.6]dioxafenestrane ring. Although the chemical synthesis of 1 has been achieved recently, the enzymes catalysing the cyclization and oxidation of FPP to 1 remain unknown. In this work, we identified a concise pathway that uses only three enzymes to produce 1 . A new sesquiterpene cyclase (PeniA) generates the angular triquinane scaffold silphinene ( 6 ). A cytochrome P450 (PeniB) and a flavin‐dependent monooxygenase (PeniC) catalyse a series of oxidation reactions to transform 6 into 1 , including oxidation of the C15 methyl group to a carboxylate moiety, oxidative coupling of the C15 carboxylate and the C1‐C2 olefin to form a γ‐lactone, and Baeyer–Villiger oxidation to form a δ‐lactone. Our results demonstrate the highly concise and efficient ways in which fungal biosynthetic pathways can generate complex sesquiterpene scaffolds. 相似文献
936.
Lingling Zhang Haiyang Cui Zhi Zou Tayebeh Mirzaei Garakani Catalina Novoa‐Henriquez Bahareh Jooyeh Ulrich Schwaneberg 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(14):4610-4613
Escherichia coli's copper efflux oxidase (CueO) has rarely been employed in the cathodic compartment of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) due to its low redox potential (0.36 V vs. Ag/AgCl, pH 5.5) towards O2 reduction. Herein, directed evolution of CueO towards a more positive onset potential was performed in an electrochemical screening system. An improved CueO variant (D439T/L502K) was obtained with a significantly increased onset potential (0.54 V), comparable to that of high‐redox‐potential fungal laccases. Upon coupling with an anodic compartment, the EBFC exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.56 V. Directed enzyme evolution by tailoring enzymes to application conditions in EBFCs has been validated and might, in combination with molecular understanding, enable future breakthroughs in EBFC performance 相似文献
937.
Meng Zheng Tong Jiang Wen Yang Yan Zou Haigang Wu Xiuhua Liu Fengping Zhu Rongjun Qian Daishun Ling Kerrie McDonald Jinjun Shi Bingyang Shi 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(15):4992-4996
Nanoparticles show great potential for drug delivery. However, suitable nanostructures capable of loading a range of drugs together with the co‐delivery of siRNAs, which avoid the problem of cation‐associated cytotoxicity, are lacking. Herein, we report an small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐based vesicle (siRNAsome), which consists of a hydrophilic siRNA shell, a thermal‐ and intracellular‐reduction‐sensitive hydrophobic median layer, and an empty aqueous interior that meets this need. The siRNAsome can serve as a versatile nanostructure to load drug agents with divergent chemical properties, therapeutic proteins as well as co‐delivering immobilized siRNAs without transfection agents. Importantly, the inherent thermal/reduction‐responsiveness enables controlled drug loading and release. When siRNAsomes are loaded with the hydrophilic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride and anti‐P‐glycoprotein siRNA, synergistic therapeutic activity is achieved in multidrug resistant cancer cells and a tumor model. 相似文献
938.
Xiao Liang Lei Shi Yipu Liu Hui Chen Rui Si Wensheng Yan Qi Zhang Guo‐Dong Li Li Yang Xiaoxin Zou 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(23):7713-7717
Simultaneous realization of improved activity, enhanced stability, and reduced cost remains a desirable yet challenging goal in the search of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acid. Herein we report iridium‐containing strontium titanates (Ir‐STO) as active and stable, low‐iridium perovskite electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. The Ir‐STO contains 57 wt % less iridium relative to the benchmark catalyst IrO2, but it exhibits more than 10 times higher catalytic activity for OER. It is shown to be among the most efficient iridium‐based oxide electrocatalysts for OER in acid. Theoretical results reveal that the incorporation of iridium dopants in the STO matrix activates the intrinsically inert titanium sites, strengthening the surface oxygen adsorption on titanium sites and thereby giving nonprecious titanium catalytic sites that have activities close to or even better than iridium sites. 相似文献
939.
Lin Huang Jiasui Zou Jin‐Yu Ye Zhi‐You Zhou Zhang Lin Xiongwu Kang Prashant K. Jain Shaowei Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(26):8886-8890
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation of noble metal nanoparticles has been shown to accelerate and drive photochemical reactions. Here, LSPR excitation is shown to enhance the electrocatalysis of a fuel‐cell‐relevant reaction. The electrocatalyst consists of PdxAg alloy nanotubes (NTs), which combine the catalytic activity of Pd toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and the visible‐light plasmonic response of Ag. The alloy electrocatalyst exhibits enhanced MOR activity under LSPR excitation with significantly higher current densities and a shift to more positive potentials. The modulation of MOR activity is ascribed primarily to hot holes generated by LSPR excitation of the PdxAg NTs. 相似文献
940.
Bowen Li Liyan Xie Zhaowu Wang Shi Chen Hui Ren Yuliang Chen Chengming Wang Guobin Zhang Jun Jiang Chongwen Zou 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(39):13849-13854
Charge doping is an effective way to induce the metal–insulator transition (MIT) in correlated materials for many important utilizations, which is however practically limited by problem of low stability. An electron–proton co‐doping mechanism is used to achieve pronounced phase modulation of monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2) at room temperature. Using l ‐ascorbic acid (AA) solution to treat VO2, the ionized AA? species donate electrons to the adsorbed VO2 surface. Charges then electrostatically attract surrounding protons to penetrate, and eventually results in stable hydrogen‐doped metallic VO2. The variations of electronic structures, especially the electron occupancy of V 3d/O 2p hybrid orbitals, were examined by synchrotron characterizations and first‐principle theoretical simulations. The adsorbed molecules protect hydrogen dopants from escaping out of lattice and thereby stabilize the metallic phase for VO2. 相似文献