化学教育与环保教育

当今,环境保护已为举世瞩目的重大课题,它既需要高新科学技术与理论,又需全体公民的环境教育,中国是发展中国家,环保尤为重要,环境教育应为中学化学教学的重要内容。一、从“环境危机”看环境教育的重要性环境污染,生态失衡,今天正日益严重地威胁着全人类的生存,人类只有一个地球,“环境保护”正唤起人类行动起来,爱护环境,保护家园。值得我们警惕的是：我国西部兰州上空已出现浓重光化学烟雾;我国长江以北地区竟已找不到一条未被污染的主要河流;重庆、贵阳等地近几年常有大量酸雨降落…。环保部门指出：目前我国环境污染程度…     

银莲花素晶体结构的精测

银莲花素,C₁₀H₈O₄,是无色透明晶体,属正交晶系,空间群D_2h¹⁵-P2₁/b2₁/c2₁/a,晶胞参数:a=11.063(4),b=11.633(4),c=13.873(4)Å,Z=8。实验结果表明化合物中两不饱和γ-内酯是以螺环形式与环丁烷相连,与光谱结果一致。     

间接测量1H-13CT1和T2的方法

本文提出了间接测量¹H-¹³CT₁和T₂的新方法,这些方法能用于测量¹H谱不能很好分辨的分子。并对直接测量和间接测量结果进行分析比较。     

氮杂冠醚的研究Ⅱ.N-取代苯并氮杂冠醚的1H和13CNMR谱

本文研究了15种新合成的单、双N取代二苯并18冠6的¹H及¹³C NMR谱。结果表明,¹³C NMR谱的化学位移能显示分子的电荷分布,而¹H NMR谱的偶合常数则部份地反映了大环的构象。氮原子的杂入大环结构和取代基的改变对聚醚环上的电荷分布影响的结果说明,这些改变可能会对冠醚的络合作用发生影响。     

用于脑血流量检测的近红外光谱术

介绍了用于大脑血流量检测的近红外光谱术的基本原理和实验体系,该系统可完成对近红外光学信号的实时采集、处理和显示等功能。在血模型实验结果基础上,报道了大脑血流量变化的近红外光学检测结果。     

钛宝石激光泵浦的1.06μm和1.34μm高效连续掺钕氟钒酸锶激光器

利用钛宝石激光作为泵浦源,实现了掺钕氟钡酸锶（ＮｄＳＶＡＰ）晶体在１．０６μｍ和１．３４μｍ的高效连续激光运转。在１．０６μｍ和１．３４μｍ处得到的最低泵浦阈值分别为２ｍＷ和２．４ｍＷ,最高斜效率分别为４９．４％和３７．４％,最大输出功率分别为３３６ｍＷ和１６５ｍＷ。     

ACOUSTIC INVERSE METHOD FOR MEASURING THE SIZE-DISTRIBUTION OF THE DROPS AND THE MOISTURE CONTENT IN WATER (CLOUD) FOG

The acoustic-energy loss was measured when the sound wave propagated through a layer of water fog. By the application of the sound attenuation theory in granular media and by means of the acoustic inverse (optimization) method, the size-distribution of the drops and the moisture content in the water fog were measured. It is demonstrated that the sizes of the water drops obey the normal distribution approximately. Comparison of the size-distribution results between data obtained by the inverse measurements and those obtained by the optic-microscopic-size methods shows good agreement with each other. The results of the moisture content and the thickness of the fog layers obtained by this method are also consistent with the results measured by other methods (for example, the water-content weight and the direct measurement of layer's thickness by a scale, etc.) reasonably.     

Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory for electron-phonon interaction in two dimensional quantum dots with asymmetric parabolic potential

Within the framework of the second-order Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation theory, we investigate the effects of the interaction of the electron and longitudinal-optical phonons in two-dimensional semiconductive quantum dots with respect to a general potential. We propose a simple expression for the ground state energy, and compare it with those obtained by Landau-Pekar strong coupling theory. It is shown both analytically and numerically that the results obtained from the second-order Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation theory could be better than those from Landau-Pekar strong coupling theory when the coupling constant is sufficiently small. Moreover, some interesting problems, such as polarons in quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires, and quasi-zero-dimensional asymmetric or symmetric quantum dots can be easily discussed only by taking different limits. After the numerical calculations, we find that there exists a simple dimensional scaling and symmetry relation for the ground state polaron energy. Furthermore, we apply our results to some weak-coupling polar semiconductors such as GaAs, CdS. It is shown that the polaronic effects are found to be quiet appreciable if the confinement lengths and smaller than a few nanometers. Received: 3 December 1997 / Revised: 6 July 1998 / Accepted: 17 September 1998     

探头修正用坐标变换

在天线近场测量中探头的波瓣图影响需要修正,修正以后才能获得被测天线的远场波瓣图。大线波瓣回常使用球坐标（θ,Φ）来表示,但是在球坐标系（θ,Φ）中进行探头效应修正十分不便,而且在某些角度上探头效应修正精度差。另外,为适合不同远场波瓣图的输出坐标系要求,也需要作坐标变换。如果需要也可以再返回到（θ,Φ）球坐标系中去。     

时间积分声光相关器相关峰提取技术的实验研究

本文根据声光相关原理,针对时间积分声光相关器的相关峰提取问题,提出了系统实施方案,建立了实验系统的数学模型,设计和制作了系统的光路和电路,最终成功地提取出了相关峰,得到了与理论分析一致的实验结果,使系统增益达到５１．９ｄＢ。