固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中10种抗病毒药物

建立了地表水中伐昔洛韦、阿巴卡韦、恩替卡韦、齐多夫定、奈韦拉平、更昔洛韦、替比夫定、拉米夫定、阿昔洛韦和金刚烷胺10种抗病毒药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用检测方法。水样经ISOLUTE ENV+固相萃取柱富集净化后,以Waters ACQUITY UPLCTMBEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm i.d.,1.7μm)分离,0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下采用质谱多反应监测(MRM)进行测定。10种目标化合物的线性范围为0.5~200 ng/L,相关系数r20.993;方法的定量下限为0.2~5.0 ng/L,3个加标水平下的平均回收率为70.0%~104.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。该方法可用于地表水等相关水体中目标化合物的分析。     

High-efficiency quaternary polymer solar cells enabled with binary fullerene additives to reduce nonfullerene acceptor optical band gap and improve carriers transport

The polymer/small-molecule electron donor and nonfullerene organic electron acceptor are of structural similarity with both donor and acceptor molecules consisting of polycyclic fused-ring backbone and being decorated with alkyl-chains.In this study,we report that the introduction of binary fullerenes(C_(60)-/C_(70)-PCBM and C_(60)-/C_(70)-ICBA)into a nonfullerene binary system PBDB-T:ITIC reduces the polymer-nonfullerene acceptor intermixing,obtaining higher crystallinity with(100)crystal coherence length from 28 to 29–33 nm for the ITIC,and from 14 to 20–24 nm for the PBDB-T,and improved electron and hole mobilities both.Unprecedentedly,such a protocol reduces the ITIC optical band gap from 1.59 to 1.55 eV.As consequences,higher short-circuit current-density(17.8–18.4 vs.15.8 m A/cm~2),open-circuit voltage(0.92 vs.0.90 V)and fill-factor(0.72–0.73 vs.0.68)are simultaneously obtained,which ultimately afford higher efficient quaternary polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)up to 12.0%–12.8%comparing to the host binary device with 9.9%efficiency.For the polymer,ITIC,and ICBA/PCBM ternary blends,11%PCEs were recorded.The use of PCBM leads to larger red-shifting in thin film absorption and external quantum efficiency(EQE)response.Such effect is more pronounced when ICBA:PCBM mixture is used.These results indicate the size and shape of C_(60)and C_(70)as well as the substituent position of the second indene unit on C_(60)-/C_(70)-ICBA affect not only the blend morphology but also the electronic coupling in BHJ mixtures:the quaternary device performance increased in sequences of C_(70)-PCBM:C_(70)-ICBA→C_(70)-PCBM:C_(60)-ICBA→C_(60)-PCBM:C_(70)-ICBA→C_(60)-PCBM:C_(60)-ICBA.The resonant soft X-ray scattering(RSoXS)data indicated the most refined phase separation in the C_(60)-PCBM:C_(60)-ICBA based blend,corresponding to its best device function among the quaternary devices.These results indicate that the using of binary fullerenes as the acceptor additives allows for tuning nonfullerene blended film’s optical properties and filmmorphologies,shedding light on the designing high-performance multi-acceptor polymer solar cells.     

高三尖杉酯碱和三尖杉酯碱的合成研究

天然药物高三尖杉酯碱和三尖杉酯碱是从三尖杉植物的叶和茎中分离得到的微量生物碱,是手性化合物。结构上,二者不仅含有一个共同的母核三尖杉碱,酯基侧链的α位也均为手性叔醇。因母核三尖杉碱和酯基侧链较大的空间位阻,两个结构片段的酯化偶联具有较大的挑战性。设计合成位阻较小的侧链中间体是酯化反应发生的关键。因此,化学家们相继合成了结构多样的α-羰基羧酸侧链以及含有杂环的侧链中间体,如四元内酯杂环侧链、四氢呋喃杂环侧链、六氢吡喃杂环侧链、七元内酯杂环侧链,并成功地完成了高三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱和同属其他活性生物碱的合成。本文基于本课题组的相关研究,根据侧链片段的构建策略和方法,综述了天然药物高三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱以及其他天然产物的合成研究。不仅总结了近几年来的新进展,还对我国老一辈的科学家们在此方面作出的贡献进行了回顾。     

改性纳米ZSM-11分子筛及其催化苯与甲醇烷基化反应的性能

采用先NaOH溶液碱处理后用柠檬酸溶液酸处理的方法对纳米ZSM-11分子筛进行改性.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、NH_3-TPD和热重(TG)等技术对改性前后的样品进行表征,将得到的催化剂应用于苯与甲醇烷基化制甲苯反应,结果表明:采用经改性处理的纳米ZSM-11分子筛催化剂,在反应温度为350℃,压力为0.2 MPa,质量空速(WHSV)为6 h~(-1),苯与甲醇进料摩尔比为1∶1的条件下,苯与甲醇烷基化反应产物中甲苯选择性明显提高,苯转化率达到44.7%,甲苯和二甲苯总选择性达到97.4%,其中甲苯选择性为86.5%,甲苯收率为37.8%.     

Carbon nitride with encapsulated nickel for semi-hydrogenation of acetylene: pyridinic nitrogen is responsible for hydrogen dissociative adsorption

A new mechanism of catalyst has been demonstrated in this article. With the interaction between carbon nitride (CN) and encapsulated nickel, the CN in the catalyst has been endowed with new active sites for the adsorption and activation of hydrogen while nickel itself is physically isolated from the contact with reactive molecules. For the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in large amount of ethylene, the catalyst shows excellent ethylene selectivity than the nickel catalyst itself, which is almost totally unselective. Meanwhile, the CN itself is inactive for the reaction. The results of characterization demonstrate that pyridinic nitrogen doped in the carbon matrix should be the active sites for hydrogen dissociative adsorption. The theoretical calculations further confirm the results and provide with the detail in the electron transfer between nickel and CN in the catalyst. The current results supply a new concept for design of high performance catalyst.     

A Neutral η5‐Aminoborole Complex of Germanium(II)

The synthesis of two η⁵‐aminoborole complexes of germanium(II) from the reaction of a germole dianion with aminoboron dichlorides is reported. This reaction constitutes a remarkable example of a germole‐to‐borole transformation. The two aminoborole complexes of germanium(II) were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and, in one case, by X‐ray crystallography. The results of quantum‐mechanical calculations favor the electronic structure of a half‐sandwich complex of Ge^II over an ionic representation with a germanium dication stabilized by an aromatic aminoborole dianion.     

Bis‐benzimidazolium‐palladium system catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl bromides under mild conditions

Bis‐benzimidazolium salts were prepared successfully from commercially available and inexpensive o‐phenylenediamine through a series of simple reactions. The bis‐NHC‐Pd complexes prepared in situ can catalyze Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction under very mild conditions in aqueous media with excellent yields. The efficiency of this reaction is demonstrated by its compatibility with a range of functional groups. Di‐ortho‐substituted biaryls could be accomplished in 89–99% yields. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air or moisture is not required in these transformations.     

基于CDIO导向的微项目驱动交叉混合教学模式——以“日化用品制造技术”教学为例

分析了传统教学模式的优缺点,运用CDIO理念导向的工程教育模式构建了融合教学目标和教学内容的微项目,教师的“教”和学生的“学”与“做”交叉混合进行,形成了一种新的积极高效的教学模式,并在“日化用品制造技术”的教学中尝试开展了这种新的教学模式。实践表明在这种新的教学模式下,学生的学习积极性得以充分调动,学习效果有一定程度的提高,该教学模式有积极的现实意义。     

简单方法制备与表征新颖复合凝胶及表面微结构——由科研成果转化的化学综合实验

材料表面的微结构会赋予材料独特的性能,水凝胶在生物医学领域有广泛的应用前景。采用紫外光刻蚀法创新性地实现了复合凝胶的制备和凝胶表面图案化微结构的构筑一步完成;通过原子力显微镜和光学显微镜的表征,复合凝胶聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯兼具了温敏性能与图案化微结构的新颖性能结构特征。本实验有助于培养学生的创新意识,激发学生的学习兴趣以及未来从事科研的兴趣。     

TiO2掺杂调控聚苯乙烯微球折射率及胶体光子晶体结构色

胶体光子晶体由于其可调变的结构色在绿色印刷、印染等领域备受关注,而其光子带隙的宽度和位置由光子晶体的晶格参数(晶面间距,通常受胶体微球尺寸影响)和介质的折射率决定。现有人工胶体光子晶体主要基于SiO_2和高分子(如聚苯乙烯(PS)等)微球的组装制备,由于胶体微球材质种类有限,折射率调控受限,因而目前调控胶体光子晶体结构色主要靠改变胶体微球的尺寸来实现。本文首先制备高折射率(2.6)的TiO_2纳米晶,在乳液聚合制备单分散的PS(折射率1.6)微球过程中,将所制备的TiO_2纳米晶掺杂于PS微球中,通过TiO_2的掺杂量有效调控胶体微球的折射率,进而实现胶体光子晶体的结构色调控。以多色胶体光子晶体微球的水溶液为墨水,采用彩色喷墨打印技术打印了电脑设计的光子晶体彩画。本文发展的光子晶体结构色调控新技术拓展了胶体光子晶体的应用。