Design and implementation of a real-time eye tracking system

Driver fatigue severely affects driver's alertness and ability to drive safely. There are vital problems related to drivers fatigue on driving of trains, vehicles and airplanes. Therefore, the driver fatigue research is important. In this paper, we first study the impact of eye locations on face recognition accuracy, with Haar-like feature and AdaBoost classifier, face and eye area can be detected quickly and accurately. In the part of eye tracking, cam-shift based mean-shift algorithm is used to track the eyes. This method could automatically adjust the size of tracking window according to the different posture of driver. The performance of our eye detection method is validated by using image database with more than 6000 pictures. In addition, our real-time eye tracking system has been tested on railway line segment (China). There are 5 train drivers involved in the experiment. The validation shows that our eye detector has an overall 93% eye detection rate.     

Metal Micropatterning by Triboelectric Spark Discharge

Metal micropatterns play critical roles in flexible electronics. However, the lack of versatile strategies for micropatterning of diverse metal materials on various thin, flexible or stretchable substrates has limited the rapid development of flexible electronics. Here, a metal micropatterning method by triboelectric spark discharge under atmospheric environment is developed, where a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is employed to precisely and safely control the voltage, current, and frequency of the spark discharges. Micropatterns of metal films like gold, silver, copper, aluminum and platinum are successfully fabricated on substrates of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, paper or latex, even on ultrathin substrates (5 μm thick) without damage, where the feature sizes of metal patterns are controllable from 20 μm to 1 mm. Experimental insights into the triboelectric spark discharge behaviors and the pattern feature sizes control are discussed. A straightforward fabrication of metal patterns on the balloon surface or human skin through “handwriting” by a pencil as discharge electrode is realized. Besides metals, extended processibility of conductive materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene, graphite, carbon fibers, and conductive polymers are also demonstrated. This work proves the possibility of microfabrication by TENG, which is of simplicity and attractiveness for flexible electronics.     

无源雷达中多波束DBF的设计方法

论述了无源雷达中实现多波束数字波束的方法。阐明通道幅相误差的构成,指出幅相一致性对波束形成的影响,提供了校准通道和评估形成波束的实用方法。给出了在Champ-av3主板上实现多波束DBF的硬件框图和软件流程。     

Video denoising via spatially adaptive coefficient shrinkage and threshold adjustment in Surfacelet transform domain

Many video denoising methods originated from methods designed for processing static two-dimensional images. Videos would be processed frame by frame, a process with a relatively high computational complexity, without taking into account the correlation information between frames. In this paper, a video denoising method using coefficient shrinkage and threshold adjustment based on Surfacelet transform (CSTA-ST) is proposed, which processes multiple frames of a video as an ensemble. Spatial correlation is used to define a weighted spatial energy. Each Surfacelet transform (ST) coefficient has a corresponding estimated energy value, in which the ST coefficients are grouped by. The similarity of the ST coefficients in a group determines the threshold of each ST coefficient. In addition, according to the neighborhood information of ST coefficients, the threshold is adjusted by a threshold adjustment factor. The coefficient shrinkage parameter is determined based on the adjusted threshold, and the ST coefficients are shrunk. Finally, the denoised video is obtained by the inverse ST using the shrunk coefficients. In experiments, video sequences with noise are tested, and the denoised results of the proposed method are compared with that of current denoising methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the peak signal-to- noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) for various levels of noise and motion, and the ideal denoised visual effect is obtained.     

Design and experimental research on a visible-near infrared spatial modulating Fourier transform spectrometer based on micro multi-step mirrors

A type of spatial modulating micro Fourier transform spectrometer （FTS） based on micro multi-step mirrors （MMSMs） is designed and manufactured in this paper. The interference system is based on Michelson interferometer, using two MMSMs instead of plane mirrors in two arms. The recovered spectrum is simulated with different distances between MMSMs and the detector, and the influence of diffraction on the recovered spectrum is analyzed. The edge-enlarging method for the MMSMs is proposed to eliminate edge noise, and the influence of surface roughness of MMSMs on the recovered spectrum is also analyzed. Moreover, the way of manufacturing the MMSMs is investigated.     

Mesoporous TiO2 nano-spheres: Electrospray combined sol-gel fabrication and application to organic phosphorus degradation

In this work, electrospray technique combined sol-gel method was used to prepare porous TiO2 film. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses were conducted to examine the chemical composition, phase structure, and surface morphology of the sprayed TiO2 film. After calcined at 450℃ in air atmosphere for 2 h, mesoporous TiO2 nano-spheres clusters were formed on the surface of silicon wafer and the average size of nano-spheres was 250 nm. Ti presented as Ti 4+ oxidation state in TiO2 film, and the TiO2 film exhibited the anatase phase. The sprayed porous TiO2 films were employed as photocatalyst to degrade organic phosphorus in water samples. Compared with the TiO2 film prepared by Sol-Gel spin-coating method, the porous TiO2 film deposited by electrospray combined sol-gel method showed higher photocatalytic activity.     

PBKDF2函数的一种快速实现

PBKDF2是公钥加密标准PKCS#5的一部分,它在各类加密软件和互联网中应用广泛.对基于口令的密钥导出函数PBKDF2的实现进行了分析,给出了该算法的一种快速实现的优化方案.对优化方案进行了理论分析,并针对802.11协议的WPA/WPA2-PSK认证进行了优化方案的实验,均表明优化方案的实现效率是优化前的两倍.通过进一步的分析还发现,依赖于PBKDF2的身份认证方案抵抗暴力攻击的能力最多只有预期的一半,因此应当增加其循环次数.     

Estiamtion and Correction of Mismatch Errors in Time-Interleaved ADCs

In data acquisition systems, with help of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) architecture, the maximum sample rate of the whole system can be increased efficiently. However, inevitable offset mismatch, gain mismatch, and timing error between time-interleaved channels degrade the sampling performance. In order to develop the mismatched TIADC structure, this paper first proposes a new time-domain algorithm to estimate the three aforementioned mismatch errors, and then puts forward a calibration method to calibrate the mismatch errors. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the proposed estimation and calibration algorithm.     

Despeckling SAR images based on a new probabilistic model in nonsubsampled contourlet transform domain

A method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image despeckling based on a probabilistic generative model in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain was proposed. The shrinkage estimator in NSCT domain consists of a new type of likelihood ratio and prior ratio, both of which are dependent on the estimated masks for the NSCT coefficients. While the previous probabilistic approaches are restricted to parametric models, the limitation is eliminated and the hybrid density model is applied in this paper. The suggested approach does not make heavy assumptions on the NSCT coefficient distribution, so that it can handle complex NSCT coefficient structures. The likelihood ratio is composed of the hybrid density, and the prior ratio is equipped with the selective neighborhood systems to enhance the detail information. The method can effectively adapt the shrinkage estimator to the redundancy property of the NSCT. The proposed approach was applied to real SAR images despeckling and compared through the SAR image vision effect, the equivalent number of looks, and the edge sustain index. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms previous works involved in the paper with the better despeckling result and edge preservation.     

FCG延时控制系统的改进

延时控制系统是爆磁压缩发生器的关键技术之一。增强延时控制系统绝缘性和提高延时控制精度能有效提升爆磁压缩发生器输出性能。本文介绍了两种通用延时控制系统的工作原理,分析了其优缺点。在理论和试验的基础上,结合两种延时控制系统优点,设计了一种同轴式同步开关,提出了符合爆磁压缩发生器应用要求的延时控制系统。试验表明,改进延时控制系统能满足爆磁压缩发生器的工作要求。