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31.
32.
Junchai Zhao Shichun Jiang Xiangling Ji Lijia An Bingzheng Jiang 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(18):3496-3504
The surface morphologies of poly(styrene‐b‐4vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer and homopolystyrene (hPS) binary blend thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy as a function of total volume fraction of PS (?PS) in the mixture. It was found that when hPS was added into symmetric PS‐b‐P4VP diblock copolymers, the surface morphology of this diblock copolymer was changed to a certain degree. With ?PS increasing at first, hPS was solubilized into the corresponding domains of block copolymer and formed cylinders. Moreover, the more solubilized the hPS, the more cylinders exist. However, when the limit was reached, excessive hPS tended to separate from the domains independently instead of solubilizing into the corresponding domains any longer, that is, a macrophase separation occurred. A model describing transitions of these morphologies with an increase in ?PS is proposed. The effect of composition on the phase morphology of blend films when graphite is used as a substrate is also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3496–3504, 2004 相似文献
33.
Hydrogels containing benzo-18-crown-6 were used to modify microcantilevers for measurements of the concentration of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. These microcantilevers undergo bending deflection upon exposure to solutions containing various Pb2+ concentrations as the result of a swelling of the hydrogels. It was found that a concentration of 10(-6) M Pb2+ can be detected using this technology. Other cations, such as Na+, have no effect on the deflection of this cantilever. The cation K+, which also complexes with benzo-18-crown-6, could interfere with Pb2+ detection, but only at high concentrations (> 10(-4) M). 相似文献
34.
Won Keun Son Ji Ho Youk Taek Seung Lee Won Ho Park 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(1):5-11
Electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) in a new solvent system and the deacetylation of the resulting ultrafine CA fibers were investigated. Ultrafine CA fibers (∼2.3 μm) were successfully prepared via electrospinning of CA in a mixed solvent of acetone/water at water contents of 10–15 wt %, and more ultrafine CA fibers (0.46 μm) were produced under basic pH conditions. Ultrafine cellulose fibers were regenerated from the homogeneous deacetylation of ultrafine CA fibers in KOH/ethanol. It was very rapid and completed within 20 min. The crystal structure, thermal properties, and morphology of ultrafine CA fibers were changed according to the degree of deacetylation, finally to those of pure cellulose, but the nonwoven fibrous mat structure was maintained. The activation energy for the deacetylation of ultrafine CA fibers was 10.3 kcal/mol. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 5–11, 2004 相似文献
35.
36.
Impact of the internucleotide linkage modification by inserting a methylene group to the P-O bond (—O—PO
2
—
—O— chain changed for —O—PO
2
—
—CH2—O—), on the modified oligonucleotide binding ability to the natural DNA strand was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Complex of (dT)11 with a deoxyadenosine undecamer containing alternating modified and natural internucleotide linkage was studied as a model system. The Amber force field was completed by a set of new parameters needed to model the modified part of the nucleotide. The simulations confirmed existence of a double-helical complex the melting point of which is considerably higher than 300 K. While the thymidine (unmodified) strand possesses a B-type secondary structure, the conformation of the adenosine (modified) strand is not stable at 300 K. The -ggt conformation of the modified linkages is highly preferred, temporary jumps to the -g-gt and ggt conformations were, however, observed. 相似文献
37.
Voigt线型及其精确快速算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过把上半复平面分为4个区,并在每一区利用不同近似,建立了一种精确快速计算Voigt函数、修正的Voigt函数和Voigt函数偏导数的算法,其最大相对误差小于5×10-4.该算法是Line-by-Line大气透过率/辐射强度计算及其相关应用的有效算法. 相似文献
38.
We prove that RANDOM EDGE, the simplex algorithm that always chooses a random improving edge to proceed on, can take a mildly exponential number of steps in the model of abstract objective functions (introduced by Williamson Hoke [Completely unimodal numberings of a simple polytope, Discrete Appl. Math. 20 (1988) 69-81.] and by Kalai [A simple way to tell a simple polytope from its graph, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 49(2) (1988) 381-383.] under different names). We define an abstract objective function on the n-dimensional cube for which the algorithm, started at a random vertex, needs at least exp(const·n1/3) steps with high probability. The best previous lower bound was quadratic. So in order for RANDOM EDGE to succeed in polynomial time, geometry must help. 相似文献
39.
Ming Jiang Qiang Ji Bruce F McEwen 《IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine》2006,10(3):608-617
We propose a model-based automated approach to extracting microtubules from noisy electron tomography volume. Our approach consists of volume enhancement, microtubule localization, and boundary segmentation to exploit the unique geometric and photometric properties of microtubules. The enhancement starts with an anisotropic invariant wavelet transform to enhance the microtubules globally, followed by a three-dimensional (3-D) tube-enhancing filter based on Weingarten matrix to further accentuate the tubular structures locally. The enhancement ends with a modified coherence-enhancing diffusion to complete the interruptions along the microtubules. The microtubules are then localized with a centerline extraction algorithm adapted for tubular objects. To perform segmentation, we novelly modify and extend active shape model method. We first use 3-D local surface enhancement to characterize the microtubule boundary and improve shape searching by relating the boundary strength with the weight matrix of the searching error. We then integrate the active shape model with Kalman filtering to utilize the longitudinal smoothness along the microtubules. The segmentation improved in this way is robust against missing boundaries and outliers that are often present in the tomography volume. Experimental results demonstrate that our automated method produces results close to those by manual process and uses only a fraction of the time of the latter. 相似文献
40.