花状Cu2O/Cu的水热合成及其光催化性能

以硝酸铜为前驱体, 不采用任何模板, 通过逐步水热法合成了花状Cu2O/Cu复合纳米材料. 用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品进行表征. 结果表明, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu材料是由长为300-500 nm, 宽为30-70 nm的带状花瓣构成, 在可见光区域有很强的吸收. 复合材料中Cu的含量可以通过反应时间进行调控. 对染料Procion Red MX-5B(PR)的可见光催化降解, Cu能明显提高Cu2O的光催化性能. 当Cu质量分数为27%-71%时, 复合材料Cu2O/Cu的催化活性明显高于单相Cu2O. 与立方体形貌的Cu2O/Cu复合材料相比, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu复合材料对染料PR有更高的催化降解性能. 且该复合材料有较高的循环回收利用率.     

SBA-15介孔分子筛担载的钒基氧化物催化剂对乙烷选择氧化性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了SBA-15担载的钒基(V/SBA-15)和钾修饰的钒基氧化物(K-V/SBA-15)催化剂, 使用氮气吸附、小角X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和紫外激光拉曼光谱对这些催化剂的结构进行表征, 并评价了这些催化剂对乙烷选择氧化的活性与选择性. 实验结果表明介孔结构SBA-15对乙烷选择氧化的活性优于常规的SiO2; 对于SBA-15担载的V/SBA-15和K-V/SBA-15催化剂, 极低钒担载量(nV:nSi≤0.1:100)时隔离的四配位钒氧化物是乙烷选择氧化生成醛类化合物的活性物种, 高钒担载量(nV:nSi≥2.5:100)时聚合的和微晶态的钒氧化物是乙烷氧化脱氢或深度氧化的活性物种.     

联二烯丁基硫醚衍生物合成呋喃的反应

本文报道以联二烯丁基硫醚为起始物的呋喃衍生物的合成方法.实验结果表明,β-联二烯丁基硫醚醇在氢化钠的作用下以很高的收率环化生成一个苯硫基离去的呋喃产物,β-联二烯丁基硫醚醛与外加亲核试剂作用后能得到多一个取代的类似呋喃产物,而β-联二烯丁基硫醚酮在P2O5的促进下也能环化生成呋喃衍生物.     

Mesoporous tungsten titanate as matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of biomolecules

In this paper, mesoporous tungsten titanate (WTiO) with different nano-pore structures was utilized as matrix for the analysis of short peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Effect of characteristic features of mesoporous matrices on laser desorption/ionization process was investigated. Experiments showed that the ordered two-dimensional and three-dimensional mesoporous matrices were superior in performance to the non-ordered WTiO matrix. The dramatic enhancement of signal sensitivity by the ordered mesoporous matrices can be reasonably attributed to the ordered structure, which facilitated the understanding on structure-function relationship in mesoporous cavity for laser desorption process of adsorbed biomolecules. With the ordered mesoporous matrix, the short peptides are successfully detected. The presence of trace alkali metal salt effectively increased the analyte ion yields and the MALDI-TOFMS using the inorganic mesoporous matrices displayed a high salt tolerance. The developed technique also showed a satisfactory performance in peptide-mapping and amino-acid sequencing analysis.     

Multiphoton excitation fluorescence: a versatile detection method for capillary electrophoresis

Multiphoton excitation is a relatively old concept in quantum optics. But using multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF) for bioanalysis is still in its infancy. Recently, MPEF has been introduced into the microseparation field, particularly CE, as a novel detection method. In this paper, MPEF detection for CE is reviewed, including MPEF fundamentals, approaches to achieving MPEF, detector configurations and applications in biological and environmental analyses. Emphasis will be placed on some recent advances of CE-MPEF in our laboratory. Challenges and future prospects are also discussed.     

A Surfactant‐Encapsulating Polyoxometalate Nanowire Assembly as a New Carrier for Nanoscale Noble‐Metal Catalysts

The loading of noble‐metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) onto various carriers to obtain stable and highly efficient catalysts is currently an important strategy in the development of noble metal (NM)‐based catalytic reactions and their applications. We herein report a nanowire supramolecular assembly constructed from the surfactant‐encapsulating polyoxometalates (SEPs) CTAB‐PW₁₂, which can act as new carriers for NMNPs. In this case, the Ag NPs are loaded onto the SEP nanowire assembly with a narrow size distribution from 5 to 20 nm in diameter; the average size is approximately 10 nm. The Ag NPs on the nanowire assemblies are well stabilized and the over agglomeration of Ag NPs is avoided owing to the existence of well‐arranged polyoxometalate (POM) units in the SEP assembly and the hydrophobic surfactant on the surface of the nanowire assembly. Furthermore, the loading amount of the Ag NPs can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of the AgNO₃ aqueous solution. The resultant Ag/CTAB‐PW₁₂ composite materials exhibit high activity and good stability for the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) with NaBH₄ in isopropanol/H₂O solution. The NMNPs‐loaded SEP nanoassembly may represent a new composite catalyst system for application in NM‐based catalysis.     

Uric acid quantification in fingernail of gout patients and healthy volunteers using HPLC‐UV

The presence of elevated uric acid (UA) levels is a sign of gout, that is, hyperuricemia. In this study the monitoring of the UA levels in less‐invasive biological samples, such as the human fingernail, is suggested for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. Twenty‐six healthy volunteers (HV) and 22 gout patients (GP) were studied. The UA was extracted from human fingernail samples, then separated on an Inertsil ODS‐3 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 4.0 μm, GL Sciences) by isocratic elution using methanol–74 mm phosphate buffer (pH 2.2) 2:98 (v/v). A UV detector was used to monitor the samples at 284 nm. Using the developed method, different UA concentrations were found in the GP and HV. When comparing the concentrations from GP with those from HV, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the UA (p < 0.01). In this study, the UA was confirmed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. We have developed a novel sensitive, and simple method for the determination of UA in the fingernails of GP and HV. The human fingernail may serve as a noninvasive biosample for the diagnosis of gout. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motion Control of Micro‐/Nanomotors

As we progress towards employing self‐propelled micro‐/nanomotors in envisioned applications such as cargo delivery, environmental remediation, and therapeutic treatments, precise control of the micro‐/nanomotors direction and their speed is essential. In this Review, major emerging approaches utilized for the motion control of micro‐/nanomotors have been discussed, together with the lastest publications describing these approaches. Future studies could incorporate investigations on micro‐/nanomotors motion control in a real‐world environment in which matrix complexity might disrupt successful manipulation of these small‐scale devices.