全文获取类型
收费全文 | 116622篇 |
免费 | 18596篇 |
国内免费 | 12423篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 61627篇 |
晶体学 | 916篇 |
力学 | 5747篇 |
综合类 | 514篇 |
数学 | 10091篇 |
物理学 | 37258篇 |
无线电 | 31488篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 503篇 |
2023年 | 3061篇 |
2022年 | 3688篇 |
2021年 | 4791篇 |
2020年 | 4763篇 |
2019年 | 4183篇 |
2018年 | 3761篇 |
2017年 | 3594篇 |
2016年 | 5222篇 |
2015年 | 5474篇 |
2014年 | 6523篇 |
2013年 | 8301篇 |
2012年 | 9940篇 |
2011年 | 10016篇 |
2010年 | 7015篇 |
2009年 | 7031篇 |
2008年 | 7558篇 |
2007年 | 6671篇 |
2006年 | 6404篇 |
2005年 | 5338篇 |
2004年 | 3759篇 |
2003年 | 3124篇 |
2002年 | 2869篇 |
2001年 | 2465篇 |
2000年 | 2313篇 |
1999年 | 2648篇 |
1998年 | 2298篇 |
1997年 | 2125篇 |
1996年 | 2076篇 |
1995年 | 1763篇 |
1994年 | 1562篇 |
1993年 | 1293篇 |
1992年 | 1165篇 |
1991年 | 978篇 |
1990年 | 756篇 |
1989年 | 571篇 |
1988年 | 448篇 |
1987年 | 352篇 |
1986年 | 354篇 |
1985年 | 291篇 |
1984年 | 181篇 |
1983年 | 130篇 |
1982年 | 112篇 |
1981年 | 66篇 |
1980年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 31篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
End-to-End QoS for Video Delivery Over Wireless Internet 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Zhang Q. Zhu W. Zhang Y. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2005,93(1):123-134
Providing end-to-end quality of service (QoS) support is essential for video delivery over the next-generation wireless Internet. We address several key elements in the end-to-end QoS support, including scalable video representation, network-aware end system, and network QoS provisioning. There are generally two approaches in QoS support: the network-centric and the end-system centric solutions. The fundamental problem in a network-centric solution is how to map QoS criterion at different layers respectively, and optimize total quality across these layers. We first present the general framework of a cross-layer network-centric solution, and then describe the recent advances in network modeling, QoS mapping, and QoS adaptation. The key targets in end-system centric approach are network adaptation and media adaptation. We present a general framework of the end-system centric solution and investigate the recent developments. Specifically, for network adaptation, we review the available bandwidth estimation and efficient video transport protocol; for media adaptation , we describe the advances in error control, power control, and corresponding bit allocation. Finally, we highlight several advanced research directions. 相似文献
42.
Zhang Z.G. Chan S.C. Tsui K.M. 《Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, IEEE Transactions on》2008,55(6):576-580
This paper proposes a new Kalman-filter-based recursive frequency estimator for discrete-time multicomponent sinusoidal signals whose frequencies may be time-varying. The frequency estimator is based on the linear prediction approach and it employs the Kalman filter to track the linear prediction coefficients (LPCs) recursively. Frequencies of the sinusoids can then be computed using the estimated LPCs. Due to the coloredness of the linear prediction error, an iterative algorithm is employed to estimate the covariance matrix of the prediction error and the LPCs alternately in the Kalman filter in order to improve the tracking performance. Simulation results show that the proposed Kalman-filter-based iterative frequency estimator can achieve better tracking results than the conventional recursive least-squares-based estimators. 相似文献
43.
The first α‐diimine nickel(I) complex having a chloro bridge is reported. The centrosymmetric dinuclear structure of {[ArN?C(Me)C(Me)?NAr]NiCl}2[Ar?2,6?C6H3(i‐Pr)2] features two chelating α‐diimine ligands and two bridged chlorine atoms, so that a distorted tetrahedral N2Cl2 coordination geometry for nickel results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
Steensgaard J. Zhiqing Zhang Wenhuan Yu Sarhegyi A. Lucchese L. Dae-Ik Kim Temes G.C. 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2008,55(5):1289-1296
Incremental data converters (IDCs) are useful in instrumentation and measurement applications, where low-frequency analog signals need to be converted into digital form with high accuracy and low power dissipation. They are particularly well suited for applications where a single analog-digital converter is multiplexed between many channels. This paper proposes an exact design methodology for IDCs, which optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio of the converter under practical design constraints. The process also allows the designer to apportion the noise budget in an arbitrary manner between thermal and quantization noise. The design process is illustrated by an example which describes the optimization of a third-order multiplexed IDC. 相似文献
45.
Jihua Zhang Xi WangWeidong Yu Tao FengFumin Zhang Zhihong ZhengQiong Li Xianghuai Liu 《Solid State Communications》2003,127(4):289-293
Effects of ion impinging on the microstructure and field electron emission properties of screen-printed carbon nanotube films were investigated. We observed that the plasma treatment modified the microstructure of CNTs along with the remarkable increase of emission site density. With the prolongation of ion impinging time, the emission current falls down first, and then rises up to higher than that of the untreated films. It is proposed that the change of emission characteristics is due to the different emission mechanisms. After the treatment, electrons are emitted predominantly from the nano-nodes on the tube wall instead from the nanotube tips. 相似文献
46.
47.
Calculations and detailed first principle and thermodynamic analyses have been performed to understand the formation mechanism of K2Ti6O13 nanowires (NWs) by a hydrothermal reaction between bulk Na2Ti3O7 crystals and a KOH solution. It is found that direct ion exchange between K+ and Na+ plus H+ interactions with [TiO6] octahedra in Na2Ti3O7 promote the formation of an intermediate H2K2Ti6O14 phase. The large lattice mismatch between this intermediate phase and the bulk Na2Ti3O7 structure, and the large energy reduction associated with the formation of this intermediate phase, drive the splitting of the bulk crystal into H2K2Ti6O14 NWs. However, these NWs are not stable because of large [TiO6] octahedra distortion and are subject to a dehydration process, which results in uniform K2Ti6O13 NWs with narrowly distributed diameters of around 10 nm. 相似文献
48.
49.
van Driel W.D. van Gils M.A.J. Xuejun Fan Zhang G.Q. Ernst L.J. 《Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on》2008,31(2):260-268
Exposed pad packages were introduced in the late 1980s and early 1990s because of their excellent thermal and electrical performance. Despite these advantages, the exposed pad packages experience a lot of thermo-hygro-mechanical related reliability problems during qualification and testing. Examples are die lift, which occurs predominantly after moisture sensitivity level conditions, and die-attach to leadframe delamination leading to downbond stitch breaks during temperature cycling. In this chapter, nonlinear finite element (FE) models using fracture mechanics based J-integral calculations are used to assess the reliability problems of the exposed pad package family. Using the parametric FE models any geometrical and material effects can be explored to their impact on the occurrence diepad delamination, and dielift. For instance the impact of diepad size is found to be of much less importance as the impact of die thickness is. Using the fracture mechanics approach, the starting location for the delamination from thermo-hygro-mechanical point of view is deducted. The results indicate that when diepad delamination is present, cracks are likely to grow beneath the die and dielift will occur. The interaction between dielift and other failure modes, such as lifted ball bonds, are not found to be very significant. The FE models are combined with simulation-based optimization methods to deduct design guidelines for optimal reliability of the exposed pad family. 相似文献
50.
Wei Li Zhang Wei Pan Bin Luo Xi Hua Zou Meng Yao Wang 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2008,20(9):712-714
A theoretical construction of one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) chaos synchronization communications using semiconductor lasers is presented. One center laser provides strong injections (strong link) to other side lasers, and the side lasers also provide weak injections (weak link) to the center one. Simulation results show that the side lasers synchronize with the center laser through injection-locking. In addition, messages transmitted via the strong links or the weak links experience strong chaos pass filtering, enabling us to realize OTM and MTO communications. 相似文献