Electrospinning of Biomaterials for Vascular Regeneration

Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world recently. With the growing aging population accompanied by chronic diseases, such as uremia and diabetes, there is an increasing clinical demand for vascular grafts with proper performance. Although some achievements have been made in the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts composed of natural and synthetic polymeric materials or decellularized vessels, clinical applications with a diameter of less than 6 mm are still principally derived from autografts, such as autologous saphenous veins. Many challenges remain in anti-thrombosis, rapid endothelialization, modulating the inflammatory response and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia and calcification. In the review, recent progress in the electrospinning of biodegradable polymers for vascular regeneration are summarized, especially from the view of biomechanical factors. Hybrid vascular grafts consisting of natural and synthetic polymers with multicomponent, di-or tri-layers are focused in order to provide novel experiences in biomaterials for applications in this field.     

A Cyanine-based Liposomal Nanophotosensitizer for Enhanced Cancer Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy

Currently, chemotherapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for malignant tumors in the clinic, however, it exhibits some shortcomings, such as poor selectivity, limited efficacy and serious adverse effects. Therefore, synergistic therapy and accurate drug delivery at tumor sites become a promising strategy for achieving tumor eradication. Herein, a smart NIR fluorescence imaging-guided nanoliposome was fabricated by encapsulating a chemotherapeutic drug(doxorubicin, DOX), liposomes(L) and a near-infrared(NIR) photosensitizer(CY) to form L@CY@DOX, which could realize enhanced therapeutic efficacy of chemo-PDT in cancer therapy(PDT=photodynamic therapy). L@CY@DOX can induce mitochondrial apoptosis and produce severe toxicity at the cellular level, and L@CY@DOX can enrich in the tumor site, which significantly induces tumor death. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that L@CY@DOX exhibited great antitumor efficacy compared with each one of these monotherapies, indicating that the combination of chemotherapy and PDT possessed potential development prospects and is anticipated in clinical application.     

Growth of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates Using Carbon Monoxide as Carbon Source

The growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) on substrates has attracted great interests because of the potential applications in various fields. Carbon monoxide(CO) was used as the carbon source for the growth of SWCNTs on silicon substrates. Random or oriented SWCNTs can be produced by varying the CO flow rate. When the flow rate of CO was as low as 20 sccm(sccm:standard cubic centimeter per minute), dense SWCNT networks with clean surface were produced. When the flow rate was above 50 sccm, vertically aligned SWCNT(VA-SWCNT) arrays were grown. Well-aligned VA-SWCNT arrays were obtained in the temperature range of 650-800℃ and the content of large-diameter(above 1.7 nm) tubes in the array increased with the temperature. The height of the array was affected by the growth temperature, the CO flow rate, and the growth time. These findings indicate CO can be used as an efficient carbon source for the growth of SWCNTs on substrates under low flow rates.     

Contemporary Approaches to α,β-Dehydroamino Acid Chemical Modifications

As one of the most common unnatural amino acids(uAAs), α, β-dehydroamino acids(α,β-dhAAs) can be found in various ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides(RiPPs) and other naturally occurring peptides. In recent years, novel reactions for α,β-dhAA modification continue to emerge. Due to their unique electrophilicity different from 20 natural amino acids, α,β-dhAAs, especially dehydroalanine(Dha), have become powerful tools for site-selective protein modification. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest research progress of C-C and C-heteroatom(C-X, X=S, N, Se, Si, P, B) bond formation methods based on α,β-dhAAs in the past five years. Particularly, we pay much attention to the α,β-dhAA derivatization methodologies used in the late-stage modification for natural peptides and proteins. In addition, we also focus on the downstream functionalization and therapeutic biologic applications of these modifications.     

基于氧化还原体系纸芯片法对血清尿酸含量的快速检测

建立了以纸芯片为分析平台的尿酸含量快速检测方法.基于尿酸的还原性,以FeCl3为氧化剂组成氧化还原体系,以邻二氮菲为显色剂对反应产物Fe2+进行显色,根据显色强度对尿酸含量进行测定.结果 表明,当FeCl3与尿酸比例为1.6∶1,反应10 min,显色剂pH 7.4时显色最佳.显色强度(RGB值)与尿酸浓度在1.19～...     

氢元素概念发展史与化学思想的演进

18世纪,发现氢气的卡文迪什认为该气体是水与燃素的化合物;但发现水的组成的拉瓦锡认为氢气是一种元素物质.到19世纪,原子分子论形成后,氢气被认为是由双原子分子构成的单质.20世纪30年代,氢同位素的发现使人们对氢元素概念有了新认识,并逐渐形成现代氢元素概念.氢元素概念的发展史不仅是元素概念的发展史,也是科学思想的演进史...     

概念图在化学教学中应用的中外研究对比——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱可视化分析

以CiteSpace为工具,对2009-2018年10年间概念图在化学教学中应用的中外研究文献进行可视化的对比分析.研究表明:与国外研究相比,在应用范围上,国内缺少概念图在大学化学教学中应用的相关研究;在研究内容上,国内学者应加强概念图培养学生高阶思维能力及创造力的研究;从评估方式看,国内较少采用定性和定量相结合的评估...     

Restriction of Intramolecular Motion(RIM): Investigating AIE Mechanism from Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Mechanistic studies promote scientific development from phenomena to theories.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE),as an unusual photophysical phenomenon,builds the bridge between molecular science and aggregate mesoscience.With the twenty-year development of AIE,restriction of intramolecular motion(RIM)has been verified as the working mechanism of AIE effect.In this review,these mechanistic works about RIM are summarized from experimental and theoretical perspectives.Thereinto,the experimental studies are introduced from three parts:external rigidification,structural modification and structural characterization.In the theoretical part,calculations on the low-frequency motion of AIEgens have been performed to prove the RIM mechanism.By virtue of the theoretical calculations,some new mechanisms are proposed to supplement the RIM,such as restriction of access to conical intersection,suppression of Kasha transition,restriction of access to dark state,etc.It is foreseeable that the RIM mechanism will unify the photophysical theories for both molecules and aggregates,and inspire more progress in aggregate science.     

Organic Nanocrystals Based on a Solid-emission-tunable AIEgen for Cell Imaging

The development of fluorescent nanocrystals based on organic small molecules is of great importance in bioimaging due to the merits of easy modification,high brightness and excellent photostability,however suffering from the emission-detrimental aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect.Herein,we successfully designed and synthesized an AIE-active di(N,N-dimethylaniline)-dibenzofulvene(named as NFTPE),which exhibits the crystallization-induced emission enhancement(CIEE)effect.Interestingly,two types of yellow-and orange-emissive crystals for NFTPE were obtained,exhibiting aggregation microenvironment-dependent emission tuning in the solid state.Single-crystal analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that different aggregation microenvironments result in the distinct molecular conformation for various emission.Excitingly,the crystallization of NFTPE in an aqueous solution under the assistance of amphiphilic PEG polymer matrices could be monitored in situ by the fluorescence changes,facilitating the preparation of NFTPE nanocrystals(NFTPE-NCs)by adjusting the aggregation microenvironment.The obtained NFTPE-NCs exhibit the superior performance in cell imaging in respect to high brightness,photostability,and biocompatibility,thus demonstrating the potential in bioimaging applications.     

由两种单体借助酯交换反应制备三元共聚物

本文讨论了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和甲基丙烯酸在乙醇中进行溶液聚合时,借助酯交换反应,在该亲水体系中引入第三疏水组分,从而制备三元共聚物的可行性.