Technology for producing adsorbents from petroleum residues

Advantage of use residue from thermal cracking and products of its condensation as components of the mixture for manufacturing mechanically rigid (93%) granulated and ground carbon sorbents with extended volume of micropores (up to 0.27 cm³/cm³), showing enhanced sorption activity (E is up to 25.6 kJ mol^?1) and high ability of separation various gas mixtures is demonstrated. As a carrier for medicine preparations these adsorbents show higher performance as compared with industrial samples. Solutions of the cracking residue can be used for impregnation of worked out zeolites for petroleum technology and for production of organomineral adsorbents with high adsorption capacity on extraction mercury from sewages.     

Evaluation of the capillary pressure in a liquid interlayer between the particles of a dispersed phase

The capillary pressure in a liquid interlayer between two spherical particles is calculated as a function of their sizes and the wetting properties of the liquid.     

Diethoxyphosphorylimine of methyl trifluoropyruvate in cyclocondensation with 1,3-C,N-and-N,N-binucleophiles

Reaction of diethoxyphosphorylimine of methyl trifluoropyruvate with 1,3-C,N-and-N,N-binucleophiles led to a variety of N-phosphorylated fluorine-containing heterocycles, including the fused ones. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2176–2178, November, 2007.     

Competitive influence of atactic polystyrene and supercritical carbon dioxide on the conformation of syndiotactic polystyrene

The crystallization behavior of miscible syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and atactic polystyrene (aPS) blends with different sPS/aPS weight ratios was investigated in supercritical CO₂ by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Supercritical CO₂ and aPS exhibited different effects on the conformational change of sPS and competed with each other. Increasing the content of amorphous aPS in the blends made its effect on the conformational change of sPS gradually surpass that of supercritical CO₂. Supercritical CO₂ favored the formation of the helical conformation of sPS in lower temperature range and the all trans planar conformation in higher temperature range, instead of forming the latter one only in higher temperature range in ambient atmosphere. However, increasing aPS content in the blends pushed the range for forming the helical conformation to lower temperature and made the all trans planar conformation dominant in aPS/sPS 25/75 blend after treating in supercritical CO₂ above 60 °C. The all trans planar zigzag conformation was more favorable than the helical conformation after mixing aPS in sPS in supercritical CO₂. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1755–1764, 2007     

Synthesis of graft copolymers with “V‐shaped” and “Y‐shaped” side chains via controlled radical and anionic polymerizations

A combination of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization and living anionic polymerization was used to synthesize a series of well‐defined graft (co)polymers with “V‐shaped” and “Y‐shaped” branches. The polymer main chain is a copolymer of styrene and p‐chloromethylstyrene (PS‐co‐PCMS) prepared via nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization. The V‐shaped branches were prepared through coupling reaction of polystyrene macromonomer, carrying 1,1‐diphenylethylene terminus, with polystyryllithium or polyisoprenyllithium. The Y‐shaped branches were prepared throughfurther polymerization initiated by the V‐shaped anions. The obtained branches, carrying a living anion at the middle (V‐shaped) or at the end of the third segment (Y‐shaped), were coupled in situ with pendent benzyl chloride of PS‐co‐PCMS to form the target graft (co)polymers. The purified graft (co)polymers were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multiangle light scattering detector and a viscometer. The result shows that the viscosities and radii of gyration of the branched polymers are remarkably smaller than those of linear polystyrene. In addition, V‐shaped product adopts a more compact conformation in dilute solution than the Y‐shaped analogy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4013–4025, 2007     

低k氟化非晶碳层间介质对芯片性能的影响

讨论了通过合理设计的工艺流程将低k氟化非晶碳材料应用到制造工艺中作为互连介质对集成电路性能的影响。基于一个互连结构简化模型计算出采用低k氟化非晶碳材料作为互连介质后RC延迟、功率耗散和线间串扰的变化情况。采用低k氟化非晶碳介质后,RC延迟和功率耗散随着互连长度的增大而减小,线间串扰也得到显著抑制。     

Measurement-based TFRC: improving TFRC in heterogeneous mobile networks

As a well-known multimedia stream transport protocol, TFRC provides smooth transfer rate under stable network conditions, and achieves good fairness to TCP. However, it is not flexible in heterogeneous mobile networks because the available bandwidth varies rapidly. This paper proposes a measurement based TFRC (MBTFRC) protocol, which uses passive bandwidth measurements at the receiver to improve the flexibility of TFRC. In addition, a window-based EWMA filter with two weights is used to achieve stability and fairness simultaneously. Simulation results verify the flexibility, stability and fairness of MBTFRC.     

Circular dichroism spectra of langasite family crystals in the range of electronic transitions of structure defects

The absorption and circular dichroism spectra of langasite family crystals are studied. Wide bands in the range of 285–500 nm that are related to the structure lattice defects are found. For all the crystals, these bands are in approximately the same spectral region, have identical structures, and can be attributed to one type of defects formed by cation vacancies and excess oxygen atoms in the optically active positions.