基于Focal-EIOU函数的被动式太赫兹图像违禁物品识别

针对被动式太赫兹安检系统因环境影响导致图像质量波动,从而影响识别算法,导致准确率大幅降低的问题,提出了基于Focal-EIOU损失函数的改进YOLOv4算法,并用被动式太赫兹人体安检图像对刀、枪违禁物品进行模型训练获得模型。建立不同环境、不同位置角度携带刀枪嫌疑物人员的太赫兹图像数据库,采用图像增广的方法构建丰富数据集;将YOLOv4的CIOU loss改进为Focal-EIOU loss,提高算法对太赫兹图像识别的鲁棒性,进而经过训练获得较优的模型。在本文的测试集中,使用改进后的算法训练的模型平均检测精确度(mAP)达到96.4%,检测速度在28 ms左右,交并比(IOU)平均值为0.95,在同等条件下高于常规算法,改善了检测识别的效果。实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高被动式太赫兹人体安检系统的嫌疑物识别准确率,有利于该项技术在人体安检领域的推广应用。     

封装器件多应力叠加失效仿真分析与验证

针对某双列直插式(DIP)封装器件在整机温循试验中出现的失效现象,分析在器件与电路板焊接环节、电路板与整机装配环节和整机温循试验环节3个工况下可能的失效原因,对原因分别进行单工况和多工况的失效仿真分析。针对不同仿真模型在不同工况下的叠加仿真难题,提出基于ANSYS Workbench有限元软件的多应力叠加仿真方法,对比单一工况和多种工况下的仿真结果。结果表明,DIP封装器件失效是器件在焊接尺寸不匹配、过定位装配和温循试验三种工况下,机械应力和热应力的叠加使玻璃绝缘子产生裂纹导致的,有限元仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,为DIP封装器件在多工况下应力叠加失效的故障机理研究提供一种可参考的仿真方法。     

A survey on deploying mobile deep learning applications: A systemic and technical perspective

With the rapid development of mobile devices and deep learning, mobile smart applications using deep learning technology have sprung up. It satisfies multiple needs of users, network operators and service providers, and rapidly becomes a main research focus. In recent years, deep learning has achieved tremendous success in image processing, natural language processing, language analysis and other research fields. Despite the task performance has been greatly improved, the resources required to run these models have increased significantly. This poses a major challenge for deploying such applications on resource-restricted mobile devices. Mobile intelligence needs faster mobile processors, more storage space, smaller but more accurate models, and even the assistance of other network nodes. To help the readers establish a global concept of the entire research direction concisely, we classify the latest works in this field into two categories, which are local optimization on mobile devices and distributed optimization based on the computational position of machine learning tasks. We also list a few typical scenarios to make readers realize the importance and indispensability of mobile deep learning applications. Finally, we conjecture what the future may hold for deploying deep learning applications on mobile devices research, which may help to stimulate new ideas.     

Research advances on blockchain-as-a-service: architectures,applications and challenges

Due to the complexity of blockchain technology, it usually costs too much effort to build, maintain and monitor a blockchain system that supports a targeted application. To this end, the emerging “Blockchain as a Service” (BaaS) makes the blockchain and distributed ledgers more accessible, particularly for businesses, by reducing costs and overheads. BaaS combines the high computing power of cloud computing, the pervasiveness of IoT and the decentralization of blockchain, allowing people to build their own applications while ensuring the transparency and openness of the system. This paper surveys the research outputs of both academia and industry. First, it introduces the representative architectures of BaaS systems and then summarizes the research contributions of BaaS from the technologies for service provision, roles, container and virtualization, interfaces, customization and evaluation. The typical applications of BaaS in both academic and practical domains are also introduced. At present, the research on the blockchain is abundant, but research on BaaS is still in its infancy. Six challenges of BaaS are concluded in this paper for further study directions.     

激光退火硅晶圆温度场分布的数值模拟研究

目前,激光退火技术被广泛应用于半导体加工领域,但对如何选择激光条件进行相应的退火并没有系统清晰的准则可以参考,尤其是在硅的深注入杂质激活方面。本文通过对激光照射在硅晶圆上形成的温度场分布进行数值模拟研究,分析了激光波长和脉冲宽度对加热深度以及晶圆背面温度的影响。结果表明,延长激光波长或脉冲宽度,都有助于增加激光退火的加热深度。而对于特定的激活深度需求,存在着最优的激光波长和脉冲宽度组合,可以使退火所需要的激光脉冲能量最低,硅晶圆背面的温升最小。本文通过模拟仿真给出了激活深度在1～10μm范围内的最优波长和脉宽值,可为实现高效的深硅注入激光激活工艺提供重要的条件参考。     

Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+/Pr3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃超宽带近红外发光性能研究

采用熔融淬火技术制备了0.2 mol% Er₂O₃、1 mo l% Yb₂O₃、0.1 mol% Tm₂O₃和x mol% Pr₆O₁₁( x=0.25、 0.3、0.35和0.4)掺杂的65TeO₂-15ZnO-10Na₂O-10WO₃系碲酸盐玻璃,通过X 射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、差热扫描曲线(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)对玻璃样 品的抗析晶性和热稳定性 进行了表征。结果表明,玻璃样品具备良好的抗析晶性,析晶温度和转变温度差值为140 ℃,具有较好 的热稳定性。吸收光谱结果显示,Er³⁺/Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺/Pr³⁺共掺碲 酸盐玻璃在980 nm处有较强的吸收峰,故可 以采用980 nm泵浦源对该玻璃样品进行激发。在1 200—2 000 nm近 红外波段范围,玻璃样品存在峰值中 心为1.35 μm、1.53 μm和1.8 μm 3个波段发射峰,且3个发射峰的荧光半高宽(full width at half maxima, FWHM)均大于100 nm,其覆盖了光信号传输的E、S、C和C+L 4个波段,大幅度地提高了掺铒 光纤放大器(erbium doped fiber amplifier,EDFA)的放大带宽。     

基于策略学习的机票动态定价算法

机票动态定价旨在构建机票售价策略以最大化航班座位收益.现有机票定价算法都建立在提前预测各票价等级的需求量基础之上,会因票价等级需求量的预测偏差而降低模型性能.为此,提出基于策略学习的机票动态定价算法,其核心是不再预测各票价等级的需求量,而是将机票动态定价问题建模为离线强化学习问题.通过设计定价策略评估和策略更新的方式,从历史购票数据上学习具有最大期望收益的机票动态定价策略.同时设计了与现行定价策略和需求量预测方法的对比方法及评价指标.在两趟航班的多组定价结果表明:相比于现行机票销售策略,策略学习算法在座位收益上的提升率分别为30.94％和39.96％,且比基于需求量预测方法提升了6.04％和3.36％.     

一种准光模式变换器的设计和实验

准光模式变换器是实现高功率回旋管高效输出的重要部件。该文针对140 GHz, TE_28,8模回旋振荡管研制,开展以Denisov型辐射器和3个准光镜面构成的准光模式变换器设计与实验研究。利用标量衍射法优化辐射器辐射口径处的场分布,其与理想高斯场之间的矢量相关性为96.2%;基于几何光学和高斯波束匹配方法设计了聚焦镜面与波束整形镜面,采用3维全波分析软件Surf3D获得各个镜面上及输出窗处的场分布,对所设计的镜面系统进行了仿真验证,在输出窗处获得了高斯模式含量为96.67%的输出波束,整个模式变换器的功率转换效率为93.98%。以自行研制的TE_28,8模激励器作为准光模式变换器的输入,通过对模式变换器转换性能仿真结果验证,在严格控制加工精度及装配和实验过程的基础上,完成了准光模式变换器转换性能的冷测实验。实验结果表明,设计和实验具有合理的一致性,可以作为准光模式变换器工程应用设计和验证手段。     

Evaluation Model of Click Rate of Electronic Commerce Advertising Based on Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm

Mobile Networks and Applications - In order to improve the ability of quantitative evaluation of e-commerce advertising click rate, a model of e-commerce advertising click rate evaluation based on...     

n型单晶硅片的电阻率和扩散方阻对IBC太阳电池电性能的影响

叉指背接触式(IBC)太阳电池因正面没有金属栅线遮挡,具有较高的短路电流,且组件外观更加美观。但由于IBC太阳电池正负电极在背面交叉式分布,在制备过程中需要采用光刻掩模技术进行隔离,难以实现大规模生产。采用Quokka软件仿真模拟了电阻率和扩散方阻对n型IBC太阳电池效率的影响,并对不同电阻率和扩散方阻的电池片进行了实验验证,从n型单晶硅片电阻率的选择和扩散工艺优化方面为IBC太阳电池的规模化生产提供了理论基础。实验结果表明,电阻率为3~5Ω·cm、扩散方阻为70Ω/时,小批量生产的IBC太阳电池平均光电转换效率可达23.73%,开路电压为693 mV,短路电流密度为42.44 mA/cm²,填充因子为80.69%。