An applied research on approach of dyadic wavelet transform for Remote Sensing image edge detection

In the edge detection of Remote Sensing （RS） image, the useful detail losing and the spurious edge often appear. To solve the problem, the authors uses the dyadic wavelet to detect the edge of surface features by combining the edge detecting with the multi-resolution analyzing of the wavelet transform. Via the dyadic wavelet decomposing, the RS image of a certain appropriate scale is obtained, and the edge data of the plane and the upright directions are respectively figured out, then the gradient vector module of the surface features is worked out. By tracing them, the authors get the edge data of the object, therefore build the RS image which obtains the checked edge. This method can depress the effect of noise and examine exactly the edge data of the object by rule and line. With an experiment of an RS image which obtains an airport, the authors certificate the feasibility of the application of dyadic wavelet in the object edge detection.     

Rosmanol and Carnosol Synergistically Alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway

Callicarpalongissima has been used as a Yao folk medicine to treat arthritis for years in China, although its active anti-arthritic moieties have not been clarified so far. In this study, two natural phenolic diterpenoids with anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects, rosmanol and carnosol, isolated from the medicinal plant were reported on for the first time. In type II collagen-induced arthritis DBA/1 mice, both rosmanol (40 mg/kg/d) and carnosol (40 mg/kg/d) alone alleviated the RA symptoms, such as swelling, redness, and synovitis; decreased the arthritis index score; and downregulated the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, they blocked the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Of particular interest was that when they were used in combination (20 mg/kg/d each), the anti-RA effect and inhibitory activity on the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway were significantly enhanced. The results demonstrated that rosmanol and carnosol synergistically alleviated RA by inhibiting inflammation through regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway, meaning they have the potential to be developed into novel, safe natural combinations for the treatment of RA.     

Bioactive PKS–NRPS Alkaloids from the Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungus Xylaria arbuscula

A novel hybrid PKS–NRPS alkaloid, xylarialoid A (1), containing a 13-membered macrocyclic moiety and [5,5,6] fused tricarbocyclic rings, together with ten known cytochalasins (2–11), was isolated from a plant-derived endophytic fungus, Xylaria arbuscula. The chemical structures of all compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HR ESIMS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 1–3 and 10 exhibited significant antitumor activities against A549 and Hep G2 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 3.6–19.6 μM. In addition, compound 1 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC₅₀, 6.6 μM).     

Chitosan and Whey Protein Bio-Inks for 3D and 4D Printing Applications with Particular Focus on Food Industry

The application of chitosan (CS) and whey protein (WP) alone or in combination in 3D/4D printing has been well considered in previous studies. Although several excellent reviews on additive manufacturing discussed the properties and biomedical applications of CS and WP, there is a lack of a systemic review about CS and WP bio-inks for 3D/4D printing applications. Easily modified bio-ink with optimal printability is a key for additive manufacturing. CS, WP, and WP–CS complex hydrogel possess great potential in making bio-ink that can be broadly used for future 3D/4D printing, because CS is a functional polysaccharide with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-carcinogenicity, while CS–WP complex hydrogel has better printability and drug-delivery effectivity than WP hydrogel. The review summarizes the current advances of bio-ink preparation employing CS and/or WP to satisfy the requirements of 3D/4D printing and post-treatment of materials. The applications of CS/WP bio-ink mainly focus on 3D food printing with a few applications in cosmetics. The review also highlights the trends of CS/WP bio-inks as potential candidates in 4D printing. Some promising strategies for developing novel bio-inks based on CS and/or WP are introduced, aiming to provide new insights into the value-added development and commercial CS and WP utilization.     

荧光分析法测定维生素C

维生素C经Cu2 氧化为脱氢抗坏血酸,与苯甲酸及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵产生荧光协同增敏作用。提出一种新的测定维生素C的高灵敏荧光分析法,建立了测定维生素C的适合条件。该方法的的线性范围为0.02~8.0μg/mL,检出限为0.006 5μg/mL。对3.0μg/mL的维生素C测定6次,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.12%。将该法用于西红柿、果珍以及维生素C药片中维生素C含量的测定,加标回收率为96.7%~100.5%。     

壳聚糖负载贵金属催化剂的研究进展

壳聚糖负载的贵金属催化剂显示了高催化活性和高选择性,已被用于氧化反应、氢化反应、烯丙基取代反应、羰基化反应、Suzuki和Heck偶联反应、烯烃的不对称二羟基化反应及有机醛、酮的合成反应体系中。本文对其制备方法、可能结构及其在各种反应体系中的催化性能进行了综述。     

自掺杂SnO2微球的水热合成及其可见光催化性能

本研究采用水热法,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过控制n(Sn⁴⁺)/n(Sn²⁺)的数值,合成了由具有丰富氧空位的SnO₂纳米晶体组装成的微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-Vis漫反射光谱对SnO₂纳米微球进行表征分析,结果表明:在酸性水热条件和柠檬酸的螯合作用下,二氧化锡纳米晶体聚集形成微球;在Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺摩尔比例为3:7时,其微球尺寸最小,整体分散性较好;同时适量二价锡离子的掺杂使得该样品氧空位浓度达到最佳,氧空位的存在将使得样品光吸收范围拓展至可见光,因而该样品显示出较强的可见光催化效率,在8 min内完全降解甲基橙。     

三元层状MAX相固溶体研究进展

MAX相是一类具有层状结构的三元碳化物或(和)氮化物,M是过渡金属元素,A主要是ⅢA~ⅤA族元素,X是C或N元素。这类化合物兼具陶瓷材料和金属材料的特点,具有优异的导电、导热、耐腐蚀以及抗氧化等性能,在诸多领域具有潜在应用价值。近年来,新元素、新结构和固溶体MAX相的不断出现,进一步扩展了MAX相家族。固溶体MAX相是将合适的元素固溶到已知MAX相中而得到的新MAX相。本文分四类总结了127种MAX相固溶体,对其结构改变和性能调控进行了概括,并指出目前研究存在的理论问题和亟须解决的关键技术,最后对MAX相固溶体的发展进行了预测和展望。     

谈计算机信息网络系统的防雷

本文简要介绍了雷击的成因、种类,以及防雷原理,并特别针对计算机信息网络的防雷进行初步探讨。     

局域结构依赖的稀土上转换发光

稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米材料作为一种新型的荧光材料,因其发光性能优异、化学性质稳定以及自发荧光干扰小等优点受到国内外研究者的广泛关注.如何实现稀土上转换发光性能的可控调节一直是稀土纳米发光材料研究中的一个热点问题.简要总结了近年来关于局域结构依赖的稀土上转换发光性能的研究进展,分别从结构设计和晶体结构调节两个方面展开,主...