Modified Spectral Neugebauer Model for Printer Characterization

Spectral Neugebauer model is widely used for spectral reflectance prediction during printer characterization. However, several factors reduce the predication precision. Thus, an improved cellular Yule-Nielson spectral Neugebauer (CYNSN) model is proposed, which modifies the traditional spectral Neugebauer model in three main aspects: (1) First, in order to adjust the nonlinearities between the predicated and measured spectral reflectance, an iteratively calculated Yule-Nielson exponent is added to the reflectance values within the Neugebauer equations. (2) Second, the quantity of Neugebauer primaries is increased by dividing the CMY colorant space into 4³ uniform cellular subdomains. (3) Third, the mapping functions are developed to map the area coverages' theoretical values to their effective values within the subdomains, and the mapped values highly improve the matching degree of the predicated and measured reflectance values. In the experiment, four related spectral Neugebauer models are employed during printer characterization, which are the traditional spectral Neugebauer model, Yule-Nielson spectral Neugebauer (YNSN) model, traditional CYNSN model, and the modified CYNSN model, respectively. And the experimental results show the modified CYNSN model yields a significant improvement over the other spectral Neugebauer models, by comparing the characterization errors in the form of colorimetry and spectroscopy.     

Investigation of formation mechanism of Ti3SiC2 by high pressure and high-temperature synthesis

ABSTRACT

In this paper, synthesis of titanium silicon carbide (Ti₃SiC₂) under high pressure and high-temperature condition has been investigated by using the reactant systems Ti/Si/C, Ti/SiC/TiC, Ti/SiC/C and Ti/TiC/Si. Results reveal that Ti/TiC/Si is unsuited to the synthesis of Ti₃SiC₂ under a high pressure of 2.0?GPa, while an elemental mixture of Ti/Si/C is applicable. By the addition of Al, Ti₃SiC₂ with 95.8?wt% purity was obtained from elemental mixture with a large excess of silicon. The optimum experimental parameters were determined as Ti/Si/Al/C having the molar ratio of 3:1.5:0.5:1.9, holding at 2.0?GPa and 1300?°C for 60?min.     

Effects of γ rays irradiation on structure and property of TiO2 thin films

TiO₂ thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method, and annealed for 2 h at temperatures of 550°C. Then, ⁶⁰Co γ rays with different doses were used to irradiate the resulting TiO₂ thin films. The surface features of films before and after irradiation were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Simultaneously, the crystal structure and optical properties of films before and after irradiation were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–VIS transmission spectrum and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, respectively. The SEM analysis shows that the film is smooth with tiny particles on the film surface, and non-crystallization trend was clear after irradiated with γ rays. The XRD results indicated that the structure of the film at the room temperature mainly exists in the form of amorphous and mixed crystal at a sputtering power of 200 W, and non-crystallinity was more obvious after irradiation. Obvious difference can be found for the transmissibility of the irradiated and pre irradiation TiO₂ films by the UV-VIS spectra. The color becomes light yellow, and the new absorption edge also appeared at about 430 nm. PL spectra and photocatalysis experiments indicate that the photocatalysis degradation rate of the TiO₂ films on methylthionine chloride solution irradiated with the maximum dose can be increased to 90%.     

Comparative study of drift region designs in RF LDMOSFETs

Systematic investigation of the drift region design of the RF LDMOSFET in terms of breakdown voltage, on-resistance, transconductance, capacitance and hot-carrier effects is presented. The incorporation of a source field plate allows for an increase of drift dose for a given breakdown voltage, which eases the tradeoff between the breakdown voltage and on-resistance, and the breakdown voltage and transconductance. However, the increased dose can significantly degrade hot-carrier reliability. A step-drift has enhanced hot-carrier immunity and lower capacitance, but, at the cost of increased on-state resistance and lower transconductance. Furthermore, a second origin of hot carriers is reported in the step-drift design, which may cause damage in the drift region. A deeper drift region design, which does not require an additional mask in comparison to the step-drift design, is investigated. The proposed approach shares all the advantages provided by the field plate design. Moreover, the lower concentration in the new drift region design leads to enhanced hot-carrier immunity.     

Dependence of apparent resistance of four-electrode probes on insertion depth

The apparent resistance of a finite-thickness layer measured with a four-electrode plunge probe depends on the electrode insertion depth, electrode spacing, and layer thickness, as well as the resistivity ratio of an underlying layer. A physical model consisting of air, a saline solution layer, and an agar layer simulates the real situation of resistivity measurement. The saline layer represents the finite-thickness layer whose resistivity is to be measured by a plunge electrode probe, and the agar layer represents an underlying perturbing layer. A micropositioner controls the insertion depth of the four electrodes into the saline solution. With the apparent resistance measured on a semi-infinite-thickness layer of saline solution as standard, measurement results show decreasing apparent resistance and increasing error with increasing electrode insertion depth. This information is important for correct measurement of myocardial resistivity in vivo and in vitro.     

The distribution of square-full integers

Let , wheref(n) is the characteristic function of square-full integers. A formula is proved that can be used to obtain better upper bound estimate for (x). We get (x)=O(x ^5/33+), which improves the exponent 11/72 obtained by R. Blasubramania and K. Ramachandra.     

On the Average of Exponents

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PERTURBATION OF A_0 ~+h

Let Z be a topological space and mapping A2 :Z→B(H) with closed range R(A2 ) be continuous . Some necessary and sufficient conditions of the continuity of M-P inverses A z+ are given in [1], [2]. It is one of them that AZ+ is continuous if ana only if AZ+ is locallybounded. In this paper, we discuss the following problem: if limA n = A0 in B(H) and ||An+||is unbounded (i.e. the above necessary and sufficient condition fails), what h in H will make the equations: limAm+ h = A0+ h or w-limAn+ h= A 0+ h be true. For this purpose three theorems and an error estimation are given in this paper.     

THE NBELC AND NWELC CLASSES OF LIFE DISTRIBUTIONS

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关于MPEG-2空域时域自适应错误隐藏算法

MPEG-2的压缩算法,由于采用可变字长编码使得其对信道错误十分敏感,即使单比特错误都有可能导致图像质量的严重下降,使部分或整条信息丢失。在解码端的错误隐藏技术是解决这个问题的有效方法之一。该文基于图像像素间的最大光滑连接,利用丢失宏块的邻域宏块的全部信息,导出了加权内插的错误隐藏公式。提出了一种自适应的错误隐藏方法,序列中的第一帧使用空域信息重构丢失的区域,其它帧使用本文建议的空域时域自适应错误隐藏方法。仿真实验的结果表明本文建议的算法优于一些传统算法。