Adiabatic cooling of ions in the penning trap

An ion cloud in a Penning trap can be cooled by adiabatic expansion by reducing the trap's magnetic and electric fields. We treat the ion cloud as a classical gas and obtain the relations between the temperature and the trapping fields. This cooling method may be useful in trapping and cooling of antiprotons with the aim of measuring the gravitational accleration of anti-protons and other experiments on heavy ions.     

Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembled carbon nanotube multilayer film and its electrocatalytic activity for O2 reduction

Multilayer films of shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are homogeneously and stably assembled on glassy carbon electrodes with the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, based on electrostatic interaction of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and negatively charged and shortened MWNTs. The film assembly and electrochemical property as well as the electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction of the MWNT multilayer film are studied. Scanning electron microscopy, the quartz crystal microbalance technique, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used for characterization of film assembly. Experimental results revealed that film growth is uniform, almost with the same coverage of the MWNTs in each layer, and that the assembled MWNTs are mainly in the form of small bundles or single tubes on the electrodes. Electrochemical studies indicate that the LBL assembled MWNT films possess a remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward O2 reduction in alkaline media. This property, combined with the well-dispersed, porous and conductive features of the MWNT film illustrated with the LBL method, suggests the potential application of the MWNT film for constructing an efficient alkaline air electrode for energy conversions.     

Efficient evaluation of the [Z] matrix with method of moment in grounding analysis by using adaptive spatial sampling approach

The design of grounding system often relies on the performance simulations. The evaluation of the current distribution of grounding system for many frequencies by using the method of moments (MoM) may take a long time since the impedance matrix must be recomputed at each new frequency. A multiobject adaptive spatial sampling approach is presented to construct the fitted model of the electric field intensity generated by a horizontal electric dipole. The [Z] matrix spatial interpolation technology with MoM is described to reduce the computational time needed for the transient characteristics analysis of a horizontal grounding system. The accuracy and computational time of the [Z] matrix interpolation method are compared with those of the direct MoM. The numerical examples show that the [Z] matrix spatial interpolation method can reduce the computation requirement effectively.     

基于亲水表面处理的GaAs/GaN晶片直接键合

对晶片进行亲水表面处理,在氮气保护下500℃热处理10min,成功实现GaAs与GaN晶片的直接键合,键合质量较好.扫描电子显微镜观测结果表明,键合界面没有空洞.光致发光谱观测结果表明,键合工艺对晶体内部结构的影响很小.可见光透射谱测试结果表明,键合界面具有良好的透光特性.GaAs与GaN晶片直接键合的成功,为实现GaAs和GaN材料的集成提供了实验依据.     

基于小生境技术的多样性抗体生成算法

新的入侵方法以及网络计算环境的不断变化,使得入侵越来越难以防范.因此应用人体免疫机制构建下一代入侵检测系统成为一个新的研究热点.本文采用一种新的抗原－抗体编码方法,并在此基础上,提出一种基于共享函数的小生境遗传算法,用来产生多样性的抗体基因,最后给出多样性评价函数以验证算法的有效性.实验结果表明:该算法能够使抗体在演化过程中保持较好的多样性.     

高斯光束经波长级圆孔衍射的轴上光强特性

基于横截面上精确表述的光强和精确的衍射场公式 ,对高斯光束经波长级圆孔衍射的轴上光强特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,高斯衍射光束的轴上光强特性取决于初始高斯半宽度w0 和波长级圆孔的孔径R。对于w0 /R≥ 1的高斯衍射光束 ,轴上光强存在的极值个数和出现的位置仅由比值m=2R/λ决定 ,最大的轴上光强均出现在N =R2 / (λz) =1的地方 ;至于轴上光强极值的峰和谷明显与否 ,取决于w0 /R的比值 ,比值越大 ,轴上光强极值的峰和谷就越明显。当w0 /R的比值足够大时 ,就趋向于平面波入射时的情形。而对于w0 /R<1的这一类高斯衍射光束 ,轴上光强存在特定的演化规律 :随着初始高斯半宽度的减小 ,轴上光强极值个数逐步减少直至全部消失。     

材料性能参数与板料激光弯曲成形角度的相关性研究

板料激光弯曲成形是一种柔性、无模成形新工艺，它通过激光扫描金属板料所导致的非均匀热应力使板料产生塑性变形。材料的性能参数(包括力学性能与热物理性能)对激光弯曲成形的影响很大，通过三维热机耦合有限元仿真研究了材料性能参数与板料激光弯曲角度之间的相关性，研究表明，小弹性模量、低屈服强度的材料容易产生大的弯曲变形。热膨胀系数与弯曲角度之间成正比关系，当热膨胀系数趋于零时，弯曲角度也趋于零。小的热传导系数有利于形成大的温度梯度，从而使板料产生大的弯曲变形；比热越小，加热区内材料的温升越大，使板料容易弯曲变形。     

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法测定绿泥石中镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、钛、铁元素含量

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定绿泥石中镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、钛、铁元素含量的快速分析方法。以标准物质及标准物质与基准试剂氧化镁、氧化钙人工混合配制标样的方法建立标准工作曲线,重点讨论了熔剂和脱模剂的选取。最佳熔样条件：采用8.0g四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合熔剂(质量比67: 33)+0.8g样品并添加溴化锂作为脱模剂,熔样温度1100℃,熔样时间10min。该方法相对标准偏差(n=12)均小于5.57%,绿泥石样品测定结果与化学法一致,硅酸盐标准物质测定结果均满足不确定度要求。