Plasticity and ab initio characterizations on Fe4N produced on the surface of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel plasma nitrided at lower temperature

18Ni-maraging steel has been entirely nanocrystallized by a series of processes including solution treatment, hot-rolling deformation, cold-drawn deformation and direct electric heating. The plasma nitriding of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel was carried out at 410 °C for 3 h and 6 h in a mixture gas of 20% N₂ + 80% H₂ with a pressure of 400 Pa. The surface phase constructions and nitrogen concentration profile in surface layer were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the glow discharge spectrometry (GDS), respectively. The results show that an about 2 μm thick compound layer (mono-phase γ′-Fe₄N) can be produced on the top of the surface layer of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel plasma nitrided at 410 °C for 6 h. The measured hardness value of the nitrided surface is 11.6 GPa. More importantly, the γ′-Fe₄N phase has better plasticity, i.e., its plastic deformation energy calculated from the load-displacement curve obtained by nano-indentation tester is close to that of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel. Additionally, the mechanical properties of γ′-Fe₄N phase were also characterized by first-principles calculations. The calculated results indicate that the hardness value and the ratio of bulk to shear modulus (B/G) of the γ′-Fe₄N phase are 10.15 GPa and 3.12 (>1.75), respectively. This demonstrates that the γ′-Fe₄N phase has higher hardness and better ductility.     

Photodissociation of iodocyclohexane at 266 and 277 nm: Energy partitioning and curve crossing analysis

The photodissociation dynamics of iodocyclohexane (C₆H₁₁I) at 266 and 277 nm has been investigated by ion velocity imaging technique. The velocity distributions, angular distributions and relative quantum yields are obtained for I (²P_3/2) (denoted I) and I (²P_1/2) (denoted I*) fragments. The energy partitioning shows that about 70% of the available energy goes into the internal excitation of the photofragments for both dissociation channels. From the angular distributions, we found the value of the anisotropy parameter β for I* at the corresponding excitation wavelength was less than that for I. Based on the measured angular distributions and relative quantum yields, the relative fractions of each excited state to the products are determined. The curve crossing probabilities between the ³Q₀ and ¹Q₁ states are determined 0.503 at 266 nm and 0.443 at 277 nm.     

A free-space-based differential phase shift quantum key distribution scheme with higher key creation efficiency

Differential phase shift quantum key distribution scheme has been improved by introducing a passive path selection structure at the transmitter including two polarization controllers used to mark the photon pulses and a polarizing beam splitter to distinguish these pulses so that can make different time delay at the receiver. Theoretical analysis indicates that a free-space-based differential phase shift quantum key distribution system with this proposed improvement will have high efficiency with the utilization ratio of photons reaching 100% under ideal condition.     

基于传输线等效法的双腔体屏蔽系数快速算法

传输线等效法（TLM）是一种常用的开孔腔屏蔽系数快速计算方法,在孔缝耦合系数的计算中考虑了孔缝处的场模式,提高了TLM算法在高频段计算屏蔽系数（SE）的准确性。继而将TLM算法推广到开孔双金属腔屏蔽系数的计算,通过将外腔体中任意位置的电压等效为内孔缝处的辐射电压源,计算得到内腔体中任意位置上的屏蔽系数,解决了已有文献中方法的不足。该算法计算结果与CST仿真结果吻合较好。     

XeCl准分子激光能量提取研究

在高功率准分子激光系统建设中,希望能获得较短的脉冲宽度和尽量多的激光能量。实验研究了不同注入水平下,脉冲时间间隔对脉冲链放大波形和放大器提取效率的影响;基于四能级速率方程和准分子反应动力学建立了准分子激光放大模型,计算了多种注入方式下种子光的放大过程,对关键参数给出了量化描述,得到与实验相符的计算结果。研究结果显示:脉冲序列间隔为9.3 ns时,可获得约95%的连续注入情形下放大能量;对该准分子激光系统来讲,9.3 ns是比较合适的脉冲间隔。     

Analysis of a penny-shaped crack in a magneto-electro-elastic medium

The solution for an ellipsoidal cavity in an infinite transversely isotropic magneto-electro-elastic medium under remotely applied axisymmetric, combined mechanical–electric–magnetic loading is derived. The exact solution for a penny-shaped crack is obtained by letting the minor axis of the ellipsoidal cavity approach zero. The results demonstrate that the stress intensity factor depends only on the applied mechanical loading, but the electric displacement intensity factor and the magnetic induction intensity factor depend on the applied combined loading, as well as the two ratios of β/α and γ/α. Parameter α is the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis of the ellipsoidal cavity, β is the ratio of the dielectric constant of the material in the cavity to the effective dielectric constant of the magneto-electro-elastic medium, and γ is the ratio of the magnetic permeability of the material in the cavity to the effective magnetic permeability of the magneto-electro-elastic medium. The two ratios characterize the permeability of the crack to electric and magnetic fields. Several limiting cases for β/α and γ/α are studied. A self-consistent method is adopted to determine the real crack opening α under the combined mechanical–electric–magnetic loading. The stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction intensity factors of a penny-shaped crack in BaTiO₃–CoFe₂O₄ composites are calculated for different volume fractions and different applied combined loadings.     

High-pressure treatment with silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) protein and its allergic analysis

The allergenicity and structural changes of silver carp allergens influenced by high-pressure treatment were studied. We treated the allergens at 100, 200 and 300 MPa for 10, 30 and 60 min at 20° C, used SDS–PAGE to separate the proteins and recognized the allergens by western blotting. Circular dichroism analysis was performed to characterize the structural change. From our study, we can determine that high-pressure treatment did not change the subunit composition, molecular weight or the allergenicity of silver carp allergens, but it did change the structure of the allergens.     

ON THE ORDER PROPERTIES OF DIGITAL CURVES IN THE PAN-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

How to increase the speed in drawing and recognizing curves has always been a major concern. From the Breshenham Algorithm and DDA Algorithm in the sixties to the double-step and quadruple-step line generation iu the eighties, curves were all dragon point by point. The algorithm in this paper fully utilizes machine commands to accelerate the generation of lines and curves. We introduce and prove for the first time characterization theorems of the segment code order of digital lines and curyes. These theorems give new methods in the recognition and the measure of smoothness of lines and curves.     

ON THE BOREL DIRECTION OF K-QUASIMEROMORPHIC MAPPINGS

For the K-quasimeromorphic mappings, a precise fundamental inequality for the angular domain is established. From this, the Borel direction of the K-quasimeromorphic mappings of zero order is derived.     

Holographic recording of fast events on a CCD camera

We report on holographic recording of nanosecond events on a conventional CCD camera. Three frames of an air-discharge event, with resolution of 5.9 ns and frame interval of 12 ns, are recorded in a single CCD frame. Each individual frame is reconstructed by digital filtering of the CCD frame, since successively recorded holograms are centered at different carrier frequencies in the spatial frequency domain.