Studies on metabolism of total glucosides of paeony from Paeoniae Radix Alba in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

Total glucosides of paeony are the active constituents of Paeoniae Radix Alba. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to find more metabolites and the differences between paeoniflorin, albiflorin and total glucosides of paeony (TGP). This strategy was characterized as follows: firstly, the animals were divided into three groups (paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP) to identify the source of TGP metabolites from paeoniflorin or albiflorin; secondly, a generic information‐dependent acquisition scan for the low‐level metabolites was triggered by the multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction; thirdly, the metabolites were identified with a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering and product ion filtering; finally, a comparative study was used in the metabolism of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of TGP, 10 metabolites of paeoniflorin and 13 metabolites of albiflorin were identified respectively. The results indicated that the hydrolysis, conjugation reaction and oxidization were the major metabolic pathways, and the metabolic sites were the glycosidic linkage, the ester bond and the benzene ring. This study is first to explore the metabolism of TGP, and these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and the interactions of paeoniflrin and albiflorin in TGP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动智能平台的可信计算体系结构与应用研究

在分析移动智能平台安全需求基础上,从逻辑原理、硬件组成、软件系统三个层面提出了移动智能平台的可信计算体系结构,之后提出了包含十种可信计算应用功能的全景图。     

2G/3G网络漫游的思考

在充分考虑目前移动网络发展现状的基础上,对我国发展3G网络时与2G网络漫游的优势进行了深入的讨论,并提出漫游的解决方案。     

网络安全事件的关联分析方法的比较研究

随着当前攻击手段和技术的日益复杂化,一次入侵事件往往需要多个步骤才能完成,这些步骤都是彼此相关的。但是传统的入侵检测集中于检测底层的入侵或异常,所检测到的结果也仅仅是一次完整入侵的一部分,所以不能将不同的报警结合起来以发现入侵的逻辑步骤或者入侵背后的攻击策略。关联分析技术将不同分析器上产生的报警进行融合与关联分析,极大地减少了报警的数量,降低了入侵检测的误报率,并且适当的减少了入侵检测的漏报率。文中在对网络安全事件关联分析方法的系统结构进行分析后,着重介绍了当前比较流行的几种网络安全事件关联分析方法,最后对各种方法进行了比较研究。     

Extracting Light from Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Stamped Bragg Gratings

In this paper, we describe a method for increasing the external efficiency of polymer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by coupling out waveguided light with Bragg gratings. We numerically model the waveguide modes in a typical LED structure and demonstrate how optimizing layer thicknesses and reducing waveguide absorption can enhance the grating outcoupling. The gratings were created by a soft‐lithography technique that minimizes changes to the conventional LED structure. Using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional gratings, we were able to increase the forward‐directed emission by 47 % and 70 %, respectively, and the external quantum efficiency by 15 % and 25 %.     

基于美国数字有线电视标准信道解码技术的DSP实现

介绍了美国数字有线电视传输标准以及一种采用DSP技术进行软件信道解码的方法，给出了所用关键技术和实现算法。使用软件信道解码方法，可以通过修改程序来满足不同信道处理要求，增强系统的灵活性。     

1.8 V千兆以太网接收器模拟前端预均衡电路

介绍了一种用于1.8 V电源电压下的千兆以太网接收器的模拟前端预均衡电路。电路分为三个部分:预处理电路、基带漂移补偿电路和可变增益放大电路,主要实现回波消除、基带漂移补偿和电路增益自动控制等功能。为了与百兆模式兼容,提出了一种预处理电路。仿真结果表明,该电路可以很好地实现回波消除的功能,能够对由于基带漂移引起的信号失真给以补偿,可以提供16级不同的增益,并进行频率补偿。电路采用0.18μm标准CMOS工艺实现。     

Random properties of the highest level sequences of primitive sequences over Z(2/sup e/)

Using the estimates of the exponential sums over Galois rings, we discuss the random properties of the highest level sequences /spl alpha//sub e-1/ of primitive sequences generated by a primitive polynomial of degree n over Z(2/sup e/). First we obtain an estimate of 0, 1 distribution in one period of /spl alpha//sub e-1/. On the other hand, we give an estimate of the absolute value of the autocorrelation function |C/sub N/(h)| of /spl alpha//sub e-1/, which is less than 2/sup e-1/(2/sup e-1/-1)/spl radic/3(2/sup 2e/-1)2/sup n/2/+2/sup e-1/ for h/spl ne/0. Both results show that the larger n is, the more random /spl alpha//sub e-1/ will be.     

Modeling and CW operation of a quasi-three-level 946 nm Nd: YAG laser

A model is developed for an end-pumped quasi-three-level laser with population in the lower laser level at equilibrium such as for transitions to the manifolds⁴I9/2in Nd³⁺,⁴I15/2in Er³⁺,⁵I8in Ho³⁺and³H6in Tm³⁺. It is shown that the effect of residual lower laser level population on laser operation can be treated as a saturable loss. Room temperature operation on the⁴F3/2-⁴I9/2transition in Nd:YAG under CW dye laser pumping has been demonstrated with a threshold as low as 11.5 mW incident power and a slope efficiency of 7 percent with 0.3 percent output coupling. Performance is limited by the low output coupling and diffraction loss.     

Effect of misalignment on electrical characteristics of ACF joints for flip chip on flex applications

The effect of misalignment on the electrical properties of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) joints is investigated in this work. It is found that along with the increase of misalignment, the connection resistance of ACF joints increases. When the misalignment in x-direction is less than 5 μm, the increase rate of connection resistance is quite large. Then, along with the severity of misalignment, the increase rate becomes smaller. Finally, when the misalignment is close to 20 μm, the increase rate rises again. The Holm's electric contact theory is used for understanding the connection resistance variation. On the other hand, with the increase of misalignment in x-direction, the insulation resistance between ACF joints decreases. If the misalignment exceeded 10 μm, the decrease is prominent for the Ni particle ACF joints. This phenomenon can be explained by the effect of dielectric damage of the epoxy.Computer programs are also developed to calculate the variation of the probability of open and shorting after misalignment and predicate the maximum misalignment tolerance. The results show that the open and shorting probability increase abruptly after misalignment. On the view of pad parameters, the open probability is mainly related to the pad area, while the pads gap is critical to the shorting probability. Large pads gap (small pad width) can reduce the shorting probability obviously. On the other hand, enlarging the pad area by increasing pad length decreases the open probability significantly. So comparing to square shape pad, rectangle shape pad can reduce the failure probability greatly.