全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48458篇 |
免费 | 7648篇 |
国内免费 | 5489篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 25858篇 |
晶体学 | 519篇 |
力学 | 2460篇 |
综合类 | 286篇 |
数学 | 4462篇 |
物理学 | 14699篇 |
无线电 | 13311篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 144篇 |
2023年 | 1162篇 |
2022年 | 1261篇 |
2021年 | 1718篇 |
2020年 | 1843篇 |
2019年 | 1680篇 |
2018年 | 1483篇 |
2017年 | 1446篇 |
2016年 | 2036篇 |
2015年 | 2190篇 |
2014年 | 2605篇 |
2013年 | 3200篇 |
2012年 | 3964篇 |
2011年 | 4097篇 |
2010年 | 2915篇 |
2009年 | 3036篇 |
2008年 | 3204篇 |
2007年 | 2895篇 |
2006年 | 2816篇 |
2005年 | 2218篇 |
2004年 | 1699篇 |
2003年 | 1500篇 |
2002年 | 1402篇 |
2001年 | 1183篇 |
2000年 | 1168篇 |
1999年 | 1129篇 |
1998年 | 1021篇 |
1997年 | 908篇 |
1996年 | 926篇 |
1995年 | 813篇 |
1994年 | 693篇 |
1993年 | 539篇 |
1992年 | 559篇 |
1991年 | 419篇 |
1990年 | 350篇 |
1989年 | 279篇 |
1988年 | 238篇 |
1987年 | 188篇 |
1986年 | 177篇 |
1985年 | 163篇 |
1984年 | 112篇 |
1983年 | 74篇 |
1982年 | 69篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 916 毫秒
951.
Ting Wu Tianqun Lang Chao Zheng Wenlu Yan Yu Li Runqi Zhu Xin Huang Huae Xu Yaping Li Qi Yin 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(7):2212109
The red blood cell membrane (RBCm) provides tight protection, lowers the immunogenicity, and prolongs the circulation time of drugs in vivo when acting as the coating of drug delivery systems. However, the cellular uptake and release of drugs are hindered by RBCm. Docetaxel (DTX) is the first-line medicine for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but it induces tumor metastasis. To solve these dilemmas, in this study, the photosensitizer 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)-modified RBCm (DM) is prepared, which is coated onto a hybrid micelle consisting of the prodrugs of DTX and the anti-metastasis agent calcitriol (CTL), obtaining a nanoparticle, named HDC-DM. In a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model, after injecting HDC-DM, the intratumoral DTX and CTL concentrations are increased by 1.7 and 2.5 times compared with the free drug groups. After irradiating tumors with near-infrared laser, DiR elicits the photothermal effect, triggering the rupture of RBCm and drug release, promoting drug penetration in tumors, and inducing immunogenic cell death. The tumor growth inhibition rate is 77%, and the formation of lung metastases is reduced by 82%, with good biocompatibility. It is suggested that the combination of phototherapy, chemotherapy, and anti-metastatic therapy using HDC-DM is expected to be a powerful strategy for treating TNBC. 相似文献
952.
Jiacheng Yin Na Li Ming Liu Zhigang Li Xuemin Wang Mingren Cheng Ming Zhong Wei Li Yunhua Xu Xian-He Bu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(21):2211950
Organic redox-active materials are promising electrode candidates for lithium-ion batteries by virtue of their designable structure and cost-effectiveness. However, their poor electrical conductivity and high solubility in organic electrolytes limit the device's performance and practical applications. Herein, the π-conjugated nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic molecule hexaazatriphenylene (HATN) is strategically embedded with redox-active centers in the skeleton of a Cu-based 2D conductive metal–organic framework (2D c-MOF) to optimize the lithium (Li) storage performance of organic electrodes, which delivers improved specific capacity (763 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1), long-term cycling stability (≈90% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 300 mA g−1), and excellent rate performance. The correlation of experimental and computational results confirms that this high Li storage performance derives from the maximum number of active sites (CN sites in the HATN unit and CO sites in the CuO4 unit), favorable electrical conductivity, and efficient mass transfer channels. This strategy of integrating multiple redox-active moieties into the 2D c-MOF opens up a new avenue for the design of high-performance electrode materials. 相似文献
953.
Yi Lu Hao Zhang Yida Wang Xiaorong Zhu Weiping Xiao Haolan Xu Gaoran Li Yafei Li Deqi Fan Haibo Zeng Zupeng Chen Xiaofei Yang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(21):2215061
The rational design of economic and high-performance electrocatalytic water-splitting systems is of great significance for energy and environmental sustainability. Developing a sustainable energy conversion-assisted electrocatalytic process provides a promising novel approach to effectively boost its performance. Herein, a self-sustained water-splitting system originated from the heterostructure of perovskite oxide with 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene on Ni foam (La1-xSrxCoO3/Ti3C2Tx MXene/Ni) that shows high activity for solar-powered water evaporation and simultaneous electrocatalytic water splitting is presented. The all-in-one interfacial electrocatalyst exhibits highly improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 279 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 74.3 mV dec−1, superior to previously reported perovskite oxide-based electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of La0.9Sr0.1CoO3 with Ti3C2Tx MXene can lower the energy barrier for the electron transfer and decrease the OER overpotential, while COMSOL simulations unveil that interfacial solar evaporation could induce OH− enrichment near the catalyst surfaces and enhance the convection flow above the catalysts to remove the generated gas, remarkably accelerating the kinetics of electrocatalytic water splitting. 相似文献
954.
Xu Cai Yu Xiao Bingwen Zhang Yanhui Yang Jun Wang Huamin Chen Guozhen Shen 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(43):2304456
MXene materials emerge as promising candidates for energy harvesting and storage application. In this study, the effect of the surface chemistry on the work function of MXenes, which determines the performance of MXene-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), is elucidated. First-principles calculations reveal that the surface functional group greatly influences MXene work function: OH termination reduces the work function with respect to that of bare surface, while F and Cl increase it. Then, work functions are experimentally determined by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The MXene prepared by gentle etching at 40 °C for 48 h (GE40/48) has the largest work function. Furthermore, an electron-cloud potential-well model is established to explain the mechanism of electron emission-dominated charge transfer and assemble a triboelectric device to verify experimentally its conclusions. It is found that GE40/48 has the best performance with a 281 V open-circuit voltage, 9.7 µA short-current current, and storing 1.019 µC of charge, which is consistent with the model. Last, a patterned TENG is demonstrated for self-powered human–machine interaction application. This finding enhances the understanding of the inherent mechanism between the surface structure and the output performance of MXene-based TENG, which can be applied to other TENG based on 2D materials. 相似文献
955.
Xingying Zhang Chen Song Huijia Nong Kaige Xu Xiaozhuo Wu Wen Zhong Malcolm Xing Leyu Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(32):2300866
A conductive engineered cardiac patch (ECP) can reconstruct the biomimetic regenerative microenvironment of an infarcted myocardium. Direct ink writing (DIW) and 3D printing can produce an ECP with precisely controlled microarchitectures. However, developing a printed ECP with high conductivity and flexibility for gapless attachment to conform to epicardial geometry remains a challenge. Herein, an asymmetrical DIW hydrophobic/hydrophilic membrane using heat-processed graphene oxide (GO) ink is developed. The “Masked spin coating” method is also developed that leads to a microscale GO (hydrophilic)/reduced GO (rGO, hydrophobic) physiological sensor, as well as a macroscale moisture-driven GO/rGO actuator. Depositing mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating on the one side of the DIW rGO , the ultrathin (approximately 500 nm) PDA-rGO (hydrophilic)/rGO (hydrophobic) microlattice (DrGOM) ECP is bestowed with the flexibility and moisture-responsive actuation that allows gapless attachment to the curved surface of the epicardium. Conformable DrGOM exhibits a promising therapeutic effect on rats' infarcted hearts through conductive microenvironment reconstruction and improved neovascularization. 相似文献
956.
Zixin Chang Mengsu Zhu Yong Sun Feng He Yang Li Chunhui Ye Yigang Jin Ze Li Wei Xu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(32):2301513
Herein, a novel D4 symmetrical redox-active ligand tetrathia[8]circulene-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octaol (8OH-TTC) is designed and synthesized, which coordinates with Ni2+ ions to construct a 2D conductive metal-organic framework (2D c-MOF) named Ni-TTC. Ni-TTC exhibits typical semiconducting properties with electrical conductivity up to ≈1.0 S m−1 at 298 K. Furthermore, magnetism measurements show the paramagnetic property of Ni-TTC with strong antiferromagnetic coupling due to the presence of semiquinone ligand radicals and Ni2+ sites. In virtue of its decent electrical conductivity and good redox activity, the gravimetric capacitance of Ni-TTC is up to 249 F g−1 at a discharge rate of 0.2 A g−1, which demonstrates the potential of tetrathia[8]circulene-based redox-active 2D c-MOFs in energy storage applications. 相似文献
957.
Yu Cheng Xinnan Xu Mengfan Wang Chengwei Deng Yi Sun Chenglin Yan Tao Qian 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(44):2302332
As a promising energy carrier, ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising green and low-carbon ammonia synthesis strategy that can replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the development of eNRR processes is mainly severely constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the corresponding strategies to inhibit this adverse side reaction to obtain high eNRR selectivity are still limited. In addition, for this complex reaction involving gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface and proton/electron transfer, it is great significance to analyze and summarize the existing inhibition HER strategies from the viewpoint of dynamics. In view of this, this work reviews proton supply/filtration regulation strategy in catalytic system, allowing a systematic survey of the literature focusing on interface membrane regulation (inorganic membrane and organic membrane), electrolyte regulation (metal-mediated strategy and electrolyte ion regulation strategy) and system device design (electrode structure design and electrolytic cell device design). Constructive catalytic system design guidance is also suggested to inhibit hydrogen evolution and improve NH3 selectivity, aiming for scalable and economically feasible applications. 相似文献
958.
In this paper, a dual-band and reflective polarization converter based on metasurface is proposed. Its unit cell is composed of two layers of metal plates separated by a dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the proposed converter is able to convert x- or y-polarized incident waves into cross-polarized waves perfectly in frequency bands of 6.75—10.59 GHz and 17.78—19.61 GHz, and the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is nearly 100%, which can also convert linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves at four frequencies. It can be widely used in applications of radar satellites, antenna design and telecommunication with the function of realizing polarization conversion in two bands and achieving high PCR simultaneously. 相似文献
959.
Lin Xu Taotao Meng Xueying Zheng Tangyuan Li Alexandra H. Brozena Yimin Mao Qian Zhang Bryson Callie Clifford Jiancun Rao Liangbing Hu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(27):2302098
Aqueous Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most promising battery chemistries for grid-scale renewable energy storage. However, their application is limited by issues such as Zn dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions that can occur in the presence of excess free water molecules and ions. In this study, a nanocellulose-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel electrolyte is demonstrated that features stable cycling performance and high Zn2+ conductivity (26 mS cm−1), which is attributed to the material's strong mechanical strength (≈70 MPa) and water-bonding ability. With this electrolyte, the Zn-metal anode shows exceptional cycling stability at an ultra-high rate, with the ability to sustain a current density as high as 80 mA cm−2 for more than 3500 cycles and a cumulative capacity of 17.6 Ah cm−2 (40 mA cm−2). Additionally, side reactions, such as hydrogen evolution and surface passivation, are substantially reduced due to the strong water-bonding capacity of the CMC. Full Zn||MnO2 batteries fabricated with this electrolyte demonstrate excellent high-rate performance and long-term cycling stability (>500 cycles at 8C). These results suggest the cellulose-CMC electrolyte as a promising low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, and sustainable aqueous-based electrolyte for ZIBs with excellent electrochemical performance that can help pave the way toward grid-scale energy storage for renewable energy sources. 相似文献
960.
Bohan Chen Wenxuan Zhu Tian Wang Bin Peng Yiwei Xu Guohua Dong Yunting Guo Haixia Liu Houbing Huang Ming Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(36):2302683
Inorganic/organic dielectric composites are very attractive for high energy density electrostatic capacitors. Usually, linear dielectric and ferroelectric materials are chosen as inorganic fillers to improve energy storage performance. Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials, especially single-crystalline AFE oxides, have relatively high efficiency and higher density than linear dielectrics or ferroelectrics. However, adding single-crystalline AFE oxides into polymers to construct composite with improved energy storage performance remains elusive. In this study, high-quality freestanding single-crystalline PbZrO3 membranes are obtained by a water-soluble sacrificial layer method. They exhibit classic AFE behavior and then 2D–2D type PbZrO3/PVDF composites with the different film thicknesses of PbZrO3 (0.1-0.4 µm) is constructed. Their dielectric properties and polarization response improve significantly as compared to pure PVDF and are optimized in the PbZrO3(0.3 µm)/PVDF composite. Consequently, a record-high energy density of 43.3 J cm−3 is achieved at a large breakdown strength of 750 MV m−1. Phase-field simulation indicates that inserting PbZrO3 membranes effectively reduces the breakdown path. Single-crystalline AFE oxide membranes will be useful fillers for composite-based high-power capacitors. 相似文献