Dielectric Properties Investigation of Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) Capacitors

This study presents the construction and dielectric properties investigation of atomic-layer-deposition Al₂O₃/TiO₂/HfO₂ dielectric-film-based metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors. The influence of the dielectric layer material and thickness on the performance of MIM capacitors are also systematically investigated. The morphology and surface roughness of dielectric films for different materials and thicknesses are analyzed via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Among them, the 25 nm Al₂O₃-based dielectric capacitor exhibits superior comprehensive electrical performance, including a high capacitance density of 7.89 fF·µm⁻², desirable breakdown voltage and leakage current of about 12 V and 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ A·cm⁻², and quadratic voltage coefficient of 303.6 ppm·V⁻². Simultaneously, the fabricated capacitor indicates desirable stability in terms of frequency and bias voltage (at 1 MHz), with the corresponding slight capacitance density variation of about 0.52 fF·µm⁻² and 0.25 fF·µm⁻². Furthermore, the mechanism of the variation in capacitance density and leakage current might be attributed to the Poole–Frenkel emission and charge-trapping effect of the high-k materials. All these results indicate potential applications in integrated passive devices.     

MiR-1224-5p modulates osteogenesis by coordinating osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation via the Rap1 signaling target ADCY2

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) broadly regulate normal biological functions of bone and the progression of fracture healing and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that miR-1224-5p in fracture plasma is a potential therapy for osteogenesis. To investigate the roles of miR-1224-5p and the Rap1 signaling pathway in fracture healing and osteoporosis development and progression, we used BMMs, BMSCs, and skull osteoblast precursor cells for in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis studies. Osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected by ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining and bone slice resorption pit assays. The miR-1224-5p target gene was assessed by siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. To explore the Rap1 pathway, we performed high-throughput sequencing, western blotting, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo, bone healing was judged by the cortical femoral defect, cranial bone defect and femoral fracture models. Progression of osteoporosis was evaluated by an ovariectomy model and an aged osteoporosis model. We discovered that the expression of miR-1224-5p was positively correlated with fracture healing progression. Moreover, in vitro, overexpression of miR-1224-5p slowed Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation via the Rap1-signaling pathway by targeting ADCY2. In addition, in vivo overexpression of miR-1224-5p significantly promoted fracture healing and ameliorated the progression of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency or aging. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA-1224-5p inhibited bone regeneration in mice and accelerated the progression of osteoporosis in elderly mice. Taken together, these results identify miR-1224-5p as a key bone osteogenic regulator, which may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture nonunion.Subject terms: Translational research, Cell signalling     

Co-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Yne-Alkylidenecyclopropanes and its Reaction Mechanism

Developing new transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cycloadditions for the synthesis of five-membered carbocycles (FMCs) is a research frontier in reaction development due to the ubiquitous presence of chiral FMCs in various functional molecules. Reported here is our discovery of a highly enantioselective intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of yne-alkylidenecyclopropanes (yne-ACPs) to bicyclo[3.3.0]octadiene and bicyclo[4.3.0]nonadiene molecules using a cheap Co catalyst and commercially available chiral ligand (S)-Xyl-BINAP. This reaction avoids the use of precious Pd and Rh catalysts, which are usually the choices for [3+2] reactions with ACPs. The enantiomeric excess in the present reaction can be up to 92 %. Cationic cobalt(I) species was suggested by experiments as the catalytic species. DFT calculations showed that this [3+2] reaction starts with oxidative cyclometallation of alkyne and ACP, followed by ring opening of the cyclopropyl (CP) group and reductive elimination to form the cycloadduct. This mechanism is different from previous [3+2] reactions of ACPs, which usually start from CP cleavage, not from oxidative cyclization.     

A class of azocarbazole-based carboxylates: High-efficiency ionic unimolecular photobase generators for thiol-epoxy click polymerization under blue light

Two new unimolecular azocarbazole-based visible photobase generators (Ac-C-Base) with different strong bases such as 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as the potential active species were prepared. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HR-MS. According to the photolysis and EPR results, Ac-C-Base could generate free radicals and strong bases simultaneously through the photodecarboxylation mechanism under 455 nm LED irradiation. Thus they can effectively catalyze the thiol-epoxy polymerization without post exposure baking under light exposure. In addition, the Ac-C-TBD containing a stronger base shows a faster polymerization rate and higher epoxy conversion.     

夹持方式和加工误差对大口径薄型KDP晶体附加面形的影响

惯性约束聚变频率转换系统中,大口径薄型KDP晶体的面形质量是影响频率转换效率能否达到设计要求的关键因素之一。针对45放置状态下口径为400 mm400 mm的三倍频KDP晶体,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了不同夹持方式和具有不同加工误差的KDP晶体模型和夹具模型,分析了加工误差对不同夹持方式下KDP晶体附加面形的影响,给出了不同加工误差和不同夹持情况下,KDP晶体附加面形的P-V值和RMS值。研究结果表明,夹持方式和加工误差是引起KDP晶体附加面形变化的重要因素,正面压条夹持方式即使在晶体和夹具存在加工误差时也可以较好地控制晶体的附加面形。     

无人机载软件接收机同步方案研究

为确保无人飞机进行稳定的数据传输,该文提出了一种基于部分匹配滤波器和两级FFT的快速同步捕获算法,该算法能在搜索出同步点位置的同时,有效估计载波频偏,且计算复杂度显著下降。在动态环境中,载波多普勒频移变化剧烈,普通接收机跟踪环容易失锁,该文提出了一种基于经验值查表的载波跟踪算法,在锁频环内引入经验值查找表,环路能自适应调整滤波器带宽,任意时刻都能保证高精度跟踪。仿真实验表明,当输入信噪比高于-35 dB,载波初始多普勒频偏在12.8 kHz以内,机动载体相对于卫星转发器的径向加速度为5 m/s2(等效多普勒频移变化速度为180 Hz/s),无人机载软件接收机可以进行稳定的数据传输。     

一种闭环自激式驱动的硅微机械电场传感器

该文提出了一种闭环自激式驱动的微型电场传感器方案。利用自动增益控制的原理实现闭环自激驱动,使得微传感器能够始终工作在谐振状态,且振动幅度保持稳定。用matlab-simulink工具对系统进行了仿真,结果表明,当传感器的谐振频率发生0.5%的漂移时,系统可以重新捕捉并锁定到新的谐振频率,和开环驱动方案相比,传感器振幅的衰减度从30%降低到0.1%之内,灵敏度从缩减50%改进到缩减0.1%之内。     

A five-component one-pot synthesis of phosphatidylinositol pentamannoside (PIM5)

A practical and efficient synthesis of phosphatidylinositol pentam annoside (PIM₅) was achieved based on a five-component one-pot sequential glycosylation protocol with exclusive regio- and stereo-selectivity.