A facile method to synthesize magnetic polymer nanospheres with multifunctional groups

Magnetic poly(styrene methyl methacrylate)/Fe₃O₄ nanospheres with ester groups were prepared by a modified one-step mini-emulsion polymerization in the presence of Fe₃O₄ ferrofluids. The effects of monomer dose, surfactant content, ferrofluid concentration and initiator content on the particle characteristics such as the size, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicated that magnetic nanospheres were superparamagnetic with high saturation magnetization of 51.0 emu/g and corresponding magnetite content of 61.5 wt%. Subsequently, magnetic nanospheres with carboxyl and amino groups were also obtained by hydrolysis and ammonolysis reaction. These magnetic nanospheres with multifunctional groups have biomedical applications.     

Efficient scheme for the preparation of symmetric Dicke states via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

A scheme is proposed for generating maximally entangled Dicke states among four modes. The scheme only uses Kerr medium and homodyne measurements on coherent light fields, which can be efficiently made in quantum optical laboratories. The scheme can be generalized to produce maximally entangled 2k-qubit states.     

Fissility effects on evaporation residue spin distributions

Based on a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the spin distribution of evaporation residue cross sections of nuclei ¹⁹⁰Os and ²¹⁰Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z$N/Z$ but have a difference in fissility. We find that a large fissility enhances the sensitivity of the residue spin distribution to pre-saddle friction substantially. The results suggest that on the experimental side, to obtain accurate information of pre-saddle dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue spin distribution it is optimal to populate among various compound systems with equal N/Z$N/Z$ those with high fissility.     

Quantum game interpretation for a special case of Parrondo’s paradox

By using the discrete Markov chain method, Parrondo’s paradox is studied by means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation, built on the case of game AB played in alternation with modulus M=4. We find that such a case does not have a definite stationary probability distribution and that payoffs of the game depend on the parity of the initial capital. Besides, this paper reveals the phenomenon that “processing in order produces non-deterministic results, while a random process produces deterministic results”. The quantum game method is used in a further study. The results show that the explanation of the game corresponding to a stationary probability distribution is that the probability of the initial capital has reached parity.     

The solution of problems of the stability of three-dimensional convective flows in a closed rectangular cavity by the collocation method

The use of the collocation method, with collocation points at the zeroes of a Chebyshev polynomial, to solve spatial problems of the stability of convective flows, is described. The fluid occupies a closed rectangular cavity on the boundaries of which conditions of the first, second and third kind can be specified. Using a differential matrix constructed at the collocation points, the spectral problem is transformed into an extended eigenvector problem that is solved numerically. The Rayleigh problem in a closed layer is solved for different values of the ratio of the sides of the rectangular cavity. The calculations presented are compared with the results of the solution of non-linear equations and also with the experimental and theoretical data of other authors.     

Global classical solution of the Cauchy problem to 1D compressible Navier–Stokes equations with large initial data

In this paper, we prove that the 1D Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations admits a unique global classical solution (ρ,u)$(\rho ,\mathrm{u})$ if the viscosity μ(ρ)=1+ρ^β$\mu (\rho )=1+{\rho }^{\beta }$ with β?0$\beta ?0$. The initial data can be arbitrarily large and may contain vacuum. Some new weighted estimates of the density and velocity are obtained when deriving higher order estimates of the solution.     

A Levenberg-Marquardt method with approximate projections

The projected Levenberg-Marquardt method for the solution of a system of equations with convex constraints is known to converge locally quadratically to a possibly nonisolated solution if a certain error bound condition holds. This condition turns out to be quite strong since it implies that the solution sets of the constrained and of the unconstrained system are locally the same. Under a pair of more reasonable error bound conditions this paper proves R-linear convergence of a Levenberg-Marquardt method with approximate projections. In this way, computationally expensive projections can be avoided. The new method is also applicable if there are nonsmooth constraints having subgradients. Moreover, the projected Levenberg-Marquardt method is a special case of the new method and shares its R-linear convergence.     

Solving semi-infinite programs by smoothing projected gradient method

In this paper, we study a semi-infinite programming (SIP) problem with a convex set constraint. Using the value function of the lower level problem, we reformulate SIP problem as a nonsmooth optimization problem. Using the theory of nonsmooth Lagrange multiplier rules and Danskin’s theorem, we present constraint qualifications and necessary optimality conditions. We propose a new numerical method for solving the problem. The novelty of our numerical method is to use the integral entropy function to approximate the value function and then solve SIP by the smoothing projected gradient method. Moreover we study the relationships between the approximating problems and the original SIP problem. We derive error bounds between the integral entropy function and the value function, and between locally optimal solutions of the smoothing problem and those for the original problem. Using certain second order sufficient conditions, we derive some estimates for locally optimal solutions of problem. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm is efficient for solving SIP.     

广义Cox模型下的逐步扩大域流相关问题研究

在本文中, 我们主要讨论了广义Cox模型的信息流扩大问题. 假设在市场中有两类投资者, 第一类投资者拥有市场信息, 这里由一个维的布朗运动和一个可积随机 测度驱动; 而第二类投资者具有扩大的信息流, 这里假设是由信息流和广义Cox的模型刻画的违约信息流生成. 我们建立和刻画了广义Cox模型并且求给出它的主要性质包括生存过程和违约条件密度. 与Cox模型显著区别的是, 如果违约由广义Cox模型模型刻画, 与Cox模型平凡的结果不同的是, 鞅的分解更复杂和具有一般性.