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91.
An understanding of the particle transport characteristics in a branched network helps to predict the particle distribution and prevent undesired plugging in various engineering systems.Quantitative analysis of particle flow characteristics is challenging in that experiments are expensive and particle flow is difficult to detect without disturbing the flow.To overcome this difficulty,man-made fractal tree-like branched networks were built,and a coupled computational fluid dynamic and discrete element method model was applied.A series of numerical simulations was carried out to analyze the influence of fractal structure parameters of networks on the particle flow characteristics.The joint influence of inertial,shunt capacity and superposition from upstream branches on particle flow was investigated.The injection position at the inlet determined the particle velocity and its future flow path.The particle density ratio,particle size and bifurcation angle had a greater influence on the shunting of K2 branches than that in the K1 level and Nk22/Nk21 reached a maximum at 60°.Compared with a network with an even number of branches,there was a preferential branch when the branch number was odd.The preferential branch effect or asymmetry degree of the level(K2)branches had a more significant impact on particle shunting than that from the upstream branches(K1). 相似文献
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Cong Chen Yue Jiang Jiali Guo Xiayan Wu Wenhui Zhang Sujuan Wu Xingsen Gao Xiaowen Hu Qianming Wang Guofu Zhou Yiwang Chen Jun‐Ming Liu Krzysztof Kempa Jinwei Gao 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(30)
A high‐quality polycrystalline SnO2 electron‐transfer layer is synthesized through an in situ, low‐temperature, and unique butanol–water solvent‐assisted process. By choosing a mixture of butanol and water as a solvent, the crystallinity is enhanced and the crystallization temperature is lowered to 130 °C, making the process fully compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The best solar cells fabricated using these layers achieve an efficiency of 20.52% (average 19.02%) which is among the best in the class of planar n–i–p‐type perovskite (MAPbI3) solar cells. The strongly reduced crystallization temperature of the materials allows their use on a flexible substrate, with a resulting device efficiency of 18%. 相似文献
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Tong Jiang Yi‐Fei Zhu Jun‐Cheng Zhang Jiajie Zhu Min Zhang Jianrong Qiu 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(51)
Visually readable codes play a crucial role in anticounterfeiting measures. However, current coding approaches do not enable time‐dependent codes to be visually read, adjusted, and differentiated in bright and dark fields. Here, using a combined strategy of piezoelectric lattice selection, oxygen vacancy engineering, and activator doping, a lanthanide ion‐doped titanate is developed that integrates mechano‐, thermo‐, and photo‐responsive color change (>18 h for bright field), persistent luminescence (>6 h for dark field), and stimulus‐triggered multimodal luminescence. The feasibility of optical encoding, visual displaying, and stimulus‐responsive encrypting of time‐dependent, dual‐field information by using the developed material is demonstrated. In particular, the differentiated display of dual‐field modes is achieved by combining mechanostimulated abolition of only the persistent luminescence and thermo‐ and photostimulated reversal of both the color change and persistent luminescence. The results provide new insights for designing advanced materials and encryption technologies for photonic displays, information security, and intelligent anticounterfeiting. 相似文献
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为了提高高能激光能量测量的精确度,减小不准确度,给出了一种吸收腔结构,对基于量热法的吸收腔的内、外壁温度差特性进行了理论研究和实验验证。用一维非线性傅里叶热传导方程分别建立了吸收腔在激光加热过程中和加热结束后的温度分布。利用模拟实验对激光照射吸收腔的过程进行模拟,得到内、外壁温度差的实验数据。利用ANSYS软件,根据激光加热的原理,建立了仿真模型,并用模型对理论分析结果作数值仿真。理论分析结果与实验数据非常接近。在激光照射过程中,虽然吸收腔内、外壁存在渐趋固定的温度差,但当照射结束后,该温差迅速减小,吸收腔到达平衡。 相似文献
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超高灵敏度的信号探测在石油勘探、地震预报和安全监测等领域都具有重要的应用价值.近年来出现了一种以分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器为传感元件的新一代光纤传感器,它具有尺寸小、输出激光信号极窄的光谱线宽和极低的噪声等优势,与高分辨率波长解调技术结合可以达到极高的探测灵敏度.介绍了在光纤激光传感技术及其应用技术方面的研究进展,包括线宽仅为3 kHz、尺寸仅为3.6 cm的窄线宽低噪声DFB光纤激光器的研制及其测试,波长分辨率达3.5×10~(-7) pm/Hz~(1/2)的超高分辨率波长解调系统,基于密集波分复用的光纤激光传感网络,以及相关技术在水声和地震波探测中的应用研究. 相似文献
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随着电信业务的广泛应用,客户信息和业务处理的高度集中,促使电信运营商对电信业务支撑系统的容灾能力提出了越来越高的要求。叙述了容灾系统建设、基线建立、数据同步、灾难切换、业务恢复等若干重要环节,将容灾运用于生产实践中。 相似文献