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991.
Simple models of earthquake faults are important for understanding the mechanisms for their observed behavior, such as Gutenberg-Richter scaling and the relation between large and small events, which is the basis for various forecasting methods. Although cellular automaton models have been studied extensively in the long-range stress transfer limit, this limit has not been studied for the Burridge-Knopoff model, which includes more realistic friction forces and inertia. We find that the latter model with long-range stress transfer exhibits qualitatively different behavior than both the long-range cellular automaton models and the usual Burridge-Knopoff model with nearest-neighbor springs, depending on the nature of the velocity-weakening friction force. These results have important implications for our understanding of earthquakes and other driven dissipative systems. 相似文献
992.
We report an experimental study of flow dynamics and structure in turbulent thermal convection. Flow visualization, together with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement, reveal that the instantaneous flow structure consists of an elliptical circulatory roll and two smaller counterrotating rolls, and that the azimuthal motion of the quasi-2D instantaneous flow structure produces a time-averaged 3D flow pattern featuring two toroidal rings near the top and bottom plates, respectively. The apparently stochastic azimuthal motion of the flow structure, which generates a net rotation on average, is found to possess the characters of a Brownian ratchet. Using an artificially generated flow mode, we are able to produce a bimodal-Nu behavior and thus demonstrate that different flow states can indeed produce different global heat transport in a turbulent convection system. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
This paper first found the co-luminescence effect of guanosine-5′-monophosphate (GMP) system. Experiment showed that La3+, Gd3+, Sc3+ and Y3+ all could enhance the luminescence of Tb-GMP system, among which Gd3+ has the greatest enhancement. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced intensity of the system is in proportion to the concentration of GMP in the range from 3×10−8 to 3×10−5 mol/l. The detection limit is 3.9×10−9 mol/l. In the study of mechanism, we propose that both Tb and Gd complexes can form bigger netlike compound by the link of the oxygen bridge, through which the energy absorbed by Gd complex may transfer to Tb3+ in Tb complex. 相似文献
996.
On the bound of the Lyapunov exponents for continuous systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, both upper bounds and lower bounds for all the Lyapunov exponents of continuous differential systems are determined. Several examples are given to show the application of the estimates derived here. 相似文献
997.
A new simple and sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of carbohydrates is described. The method is based on the reaction between carbohydrates and Ce(IV) in the presence of sulfuric acid. All the reductive carbohydrates can be detected indirectly by the fluorescence of Ce(III) produced. The addition of sodium triphate enhances the sensitivity of the method by more than 10-folds. Under optimum conditions, an excellent linear relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of carbohydrates. The limits of detection lie in the range of 9.3 x 10(-10) - 1.3 x 10(-9) mol/L. As compared to the normal fluorimetric method, the proposed method is faster and more sensitive. 相似文献
998.
999.
The fluorescence quenching of the Y-BPMPHD-CTMAB by nucleic acids is reported. It is considered that the Y-BPMPHD-CTMAB can form a large complex with nucleic acid through the electrostatic attraction in the pH range of 4.2-6.8. Under optimal conditions, the difference of fluorescence intensity between the system without and with nucleic acids is proportional to the concentration of nucleic acids over the range of 4.5 x 10(-8)-1.2 x 10(-5) g/mL for fsDNA and 3.2 x 10(-8)-3.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for yRNA, respectively. The detection limits are 14.0 ng/mL for fsDNA and 21.0 ng/mL for yRNA. The method is applied for the determination of nucleic acids in actual sample, and the result obtained is satisfactory. 相似文献
1000.
Xia JS Pan W Vicente CL Adams ED Sullivan NS Stormer HL Tsui DC Pfeiffer LN Baldwin KW West KW 《Physical review letters》2004,93(17):176809
At a very low-temperature of 9 mK, electrons in the second Landau level of an extremely high-mobility two-dimensional electron system exhibit a very complex electronic behavior. With a varying filling factor, quantum liquids of different origins compete with several insulating phases leading to an irregular pattern in the transport parameters. We observe a fully developed nu=2+2/5 state separated from the even-denominator nu=2+1/2 state by an insulating phase and a nu=2+2/7 and nu=2+1/5 state surrounded by such phases. A developing plateau at nu=2+3/8 points to the existence of other even-denominator states. 相似文献