矩形窗正交时频空检测算法

针对正交时频空(Orthogonal Time Frequency Space, OTFS)调制系统采用矩形窗函数时,信道矩阵结构复杂导致的鲁棒性差的问题,提出了一种基于时域处理和酉近似消息传递的检测算法。该算法首先添加循环前缀,将时域信道转换为分块对角矩阵;然后应用酉变换和近似消息传递建立迭代检测算法。仿真结果表明,所提检测算法能够在不增加复杂度的条件下有效提升检测精度和鲁棒性,特别是存在信道编码的条件下表现出2 dB的性能增益,使得该算法更适用于杂散多径、高速移动等环境,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于改进三维块匹配滤波的红外全息降噪算法北大核心CSCD

红外全息技术更适用于长距离的大视场成像,但其散斑噪声与高斯噪声对图像质量的影响也更加显著,限制了红外全息技术的应用与推广。本文通过引入全局傅立叶阈值与自适应维纳滤波的方法对三维块匹配滤波算法进行优化,提高了其对红外全息图像降噪的适应性与细节保留,得到改进的三维块匹配滤波算法,并与多种采用传统滤波方法的结果进行了对比。结果表明,改进后的算法可以在对红外全息图像中的高斯噪声等环境噪声与散斑噪声进行降噪的同时保留更多细节,是一种更加适用于红外全息图像的降噪方法。     

基于φ-OTDR 的分布式光纤声波传感系统性能改进研究

为了满足复杂的工程现场环境对相敏光时域反射仪(φ-OTDR)的各项性能指标的需求,提出基于自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)和频分复用(FDM)的高性能φ-OTDR,利用FDM提升系统的频响带宽,引入AKF对线性响应于外界振动的相位状态的噪声统计特性进行实时估计和修正,抑制了衰落和串扰导致的相位失真。实验结果表明,改进后φ-OTDR系统的传感线性度被有效提升,系统本底噪声降低到-83.7dB²/Hz,应变分辨率达到了0.28pε/Hz1/2。     

带异形孔的双稳态压电能量采集器研究

针对传统线性压电悬臂梁能量采集器共振频率高、偏离共振频率时输出电压快速下降的问题,该文设计了一种悬臂梁基板上带异形孔的新型双稳态能量采集器。建立该能量采集器的理论模型,并制作了实验样机,研究了该能量采集器在外界不同正弦激振频率下,磁间距对其输出电压和工作频带的影响。结果表明,随着磁极对间距减小,带异形孔结构的双稳态能量采集器的双稳态效应先增强再减弱,由此确定最佳磁极对间距为12 mm,谐振频率为18 Hz,最大输出均方根电压达到12.01 V,采集器有效工作频率为15.5～22.5 Hz,工作带宽达到7 Hz,带异形孔的双稳态能量采集器具有更宽的采集频带,在低频振动环境下具有更高的输出电压响应。     

压电超声共振式风传感器风场闭环解算策略研究

为了能够在复杂环境下实现风速风向的高精度和高稳定性测量,在基于声学共振原理的风传感器系统的基础上,采用闭环控制扫描技术改进了系统的性能指标。采用声学共振的方式,同时对换能器产生的信号进行频率调制和强度调制,实现对超声换能器的线型扫描。频率调制解决了在不同压力、温度等环境因素影响下导致的共振频移的问题,强度调制解决了换能器性能随时间衰减问题,极大地提高了信噪比。实验结果表明,采用闭环控制的方法可以准确测量风速风向。风速测量范围0～50 m/s,风速测量精度为±0.5 m/s(≤15m/s)/±5%(>15 m/s且<35 m/s)/±9%(>35 m/s)。改进后的系统在复杂环境下受环境变化影响小、精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。     

Weak signal detection and adaptive synchronous stability of a novel fifth-order memristive circuit system

This paper is devoted to introduce a novel complex fifth-order memristive circuit system and its applications in synchronous stability and weak signal detection. Firstly, the typical dynamical behaviors of the memristive system are discussed by chaotic phase portrait, complexity analysis, one-parameter bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. Secondly, the adaptive control method is applied to realize the synchronization between the drive memristive system (DMS) and the response memristive system (RMS). The results indicate that the synchronization method has strong robustness and anti-interference ability. Thirdly, the weak signal detection of the novel five-dimensional memristive system is realized by using the extreme sensitivity of chaotic system to initial values. Finally, the fifth-order memristive circuit is designed by using basic electronic elements and simulated by Multisim software. And the anti-interference ability and sensitivity of the fifth-order memristive circuit are further verified by adding different weak disturbance signals at different positions of the circuit.     

Field-Induced Multiscale Polarization Configuration Transitions of Mesentropic Lead-Free Piezoceramics Achieving Giant Energy Harvesting Performance

The development of high-performance (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN)-based lead-free piezoceramics for next-generation electronic devices is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable society. However, despite recent improvements in piezoelectric coefficients, correlating their properties to underlying multiscale structures remains a key issue for high-performance KNN-based ceramics with complex phase boundaries. Here, this study proposes a medium-entropy strategy to design “local polymorphic distortion” in conjunction with the construction of uniformly oversize grains in the newly developed KNN solid-solution, resulting in a novel large-size hierarchical domain architecture (≈0.7 µm wide). Such a structure not only facilitates polarization rotation but also ensures a large residual polarization, which significantly improves the piezoelectricity (≈3.2 times) and obtains a giant energy harvesting performance (W_out = 2.44 mW, P_D = 35.32 µW mm⁻³, outperforming most lead-free piezoceramics). This study confirms the coexistence of multiphase through the atomic-resolution polarization features and analyzes the domain/phase transition mechanisms using in situ electric field structural characterizations, revealing that the electric field induces highly effective multiscale polarization configuration transitions based on T–O–R sequential phase transitions. This study demonstrates a new strategy for designing high-performance piezoceramics and facilitates the development of lead-free piezoceramic materials in energy harvesting applications.     

Fine-Tuning Alkyl Chains on Quinoxaline Nonfullerene Acceptors Enables High-Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Optimizing Molecular Stacking and Reducing Energy Loss

Material design of guest acceptor is always a big challenge for improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a pair of isomeric nonfullerene acceptors based on quinoxaline core, Qx–p-C₇H₈O and Qx–m-C₇H₈O, is designed and synthesized. By moving the alkoxy chain attached on side phenyl from meta-position to para-position, both π–π stacking distance and crystallinity are enhanced simultaneously. They obtain the uplifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Compared to Qx–m-C₇H₈O, Qx–p-C₇H₈O exhibits wider absorption spectrum and higher extinction coefficient. Using D18-Cl:N3 as host materials, the addition of guest acceptor Qx–p-C₇H₈O significantly improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.61% to 18.49% because of higher open-circuit voltage (0.875 V) and short-circuit current density (27.85 mA cm⁻²). This can be attributed to the faster exciton dissociation, more balanced carrier mobility, fine fiber morphology, and lower energy loss in the ternary devices. However, Qx–m-C₇H₈O-based ternary device achieves relatively low PCE of 17.17% because this device shows extremely low electron mobility. The results indicate that molecular stacking, film morphology, etc., can be effectively modulated by fine-tuning the side chains of guest materials, which may be an effective design rule for further improving the PCE of OSCs.     

物联网时代下的智能电网发展

电力行业与物联网的关系较为密切,智能电网是电力系统发展到一定阶段的必然产物,物联网是智能电网发展的有利技术手段,在智能电网发展的各环节中,都有物联网的参与。文中对智能电网的发展进行了论述,并重点对物联网在智能电网各环节中的作用进行了探讨,最后介绍了两种面向智能电网应用的物联网设备。     

2D Bi2O2Te Semiconductor with Single-Crystal Native Oxide Layer

Following logic in the silicon semiconductor industry, the existence of native oxide and suitable fabrication technology is essential for 2D semiconductors in planar integronics, which are surface-sensitive to typical coating technologies. To date, very few types of integronics are found to possess this feature. Herein, the 2D Bi₂O₂Te developed recently is reported to possess large-area synthesis and controllable thermal oxidation behavior toward single-crystal native oxides. This shows that surface-adsorbed oxygen atoms are inclined to penetrate across [Bi₂O₂]_n²ⁿ⁺ layers and bond with the underlying [Te]_n²ⁿ⁻ at elevated temperatures, transforming directly into [TeO₄]_n²ⁿ⁻ with the basic architecture remaining stable. The oxide can be adjusted to form in an accurate layer-by-layer manner with a low-stress sharp interface. The native oxide Bi₂TeO₆ layer (bandgap of ≈2.9 eV) exhibits visible-light transparency and is compatible with wet-chemical selective etching technology. These advances demonstrate the potential of Bi₂O₂Te in planar-integrated functional nanoelectronics such as tunnel junction devices, field-effect transistors, and memristors.